Bacterium: Flagellum and Fission

Also called

bacterium · bacteria · bacterial cell · prokaryotic cell · flagellum · bacterial flagellum · binary fission · conjugation · plasmid · nucleoid · cell envelope · glycocalyx · capsule · sex pilus · run and tumble · जीवाणु · कशाभिका · द्विविभाजन

Topics

• Bacteria are prokaryotes: their DNA lies in the cytoplasm as a nucleoid, with no nuclear membrane.
• The cell envelope has three layers: an outer glycocalyx (here a capsule), the cell wall and the plasma membrane.
• Plasmids are small circles of DNA outside the nucleoid; they carry extra genes such as antibiotic resistance.
• Ribosomes are the only particles in the cytoplasm; mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane.
• A flagellum has a basal body, a hook and a long filament; a rotary motor in the envelope turns it.
• Turning one way drives the cell forward in a run; reversing makes it tumble and set off in a new direction.
• In binary fission the DNA is copied, the cell lengthens and a cross wall divides it into two identical cells.
• In conjugation a donor joins a recipient through a sex pilus and passes it a copy of a plasmid.

About this model

A GLB file of about 900 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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