Blood Groups and Clotting

Also called

blood groups · ABO blood groups · blood group A · blood group B · blood group AB · blood group O · antigen · antibody · agglutination · universal donor · universal recipient · Rh factor · Rh positive · Rh negative · blood transfusion · blood clotting · coagulation · platelets · thrombokinase · prothrombin · thrombin · fibrinogen · fibrin · रक्त समूह · रक्त का थक्का · प्रतिरक्षी

Topics

• ABO grouping depends on two surface antigens, A and B, on red cells; plasma carries antibodies against the missing ones.
• Group A cells carry antigen A and the plasma has anti-B; group B has antigen B and anti-A.
• AB cells carry both antigens and the plasma has no antibodies; O cells carry neither and the plasma has both.
• If donor cells meet a matching antibody in the recipient’s plasma they clump together (agglutinate), which can be fatal.
• O cells have no antigens, so anyone can receive them: the universal donor. AB has no antibodies: universal recipient.
• About 80 per cent of people carry the Rh antigen on their red cells (Rh positive); the rest are Rh negative.
• An Rh-negative person given Rh-positive blood makes anti-Rh antibodies, so Rh too must match before a transfusion.
• At a wound, platelets gather into a plug and release factors; thrombokinase turns inactive prothrombin into thrombin.
• Thrombin turns soluble fibrinogen into threads of fibrin, a net that traps cells and seals the wound as a clot.

About this model

A GLB file of about 441 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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