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Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

  • Biology
  • Class 11–12
  • 3D model
  • English

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis: a 3D model for Class 11–12 Biology, covering S phase doubles the DNA amount (2C to 4C) without changing the chromosome number (2n), n counts chromosome sets; C counts DNA amount; they are separate counts, spindle fibres attach only at kinetochores, mitosis: sister chromatids are bi-oriented at metaphase and separate at anaphase, giving two 2n, 2C cells, an anaphase cell briefly holds twice as many centromeres; each future nucleus is still 2n.

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Also called

cell division · cell cycle · mitosis · meiosis · meiosis I · meiosis II · interphase · S phase · prophase · metaphase · anaphase · telophase · cytokinesis · crossing over · chiasma · synapsis · bivalent · leptotene · zygotene · pachytene · diplotene · diakinesis · interkinesis · kinetochore · spindle · cell plate · cleavage furrow · n and C · ploidy

Topics

  • S phase doubles the DNA amount (2C to 4C) without changing the chromosome number (2n)
  • n counts chromosome sets; C counts DNA amount; they are separate counts
  • spindle fibres attach only at kinetochores
  • mitosis: sister chromatids are bi-oriented at metaphase and separate at anaphase, giving two 2n, 2C cells
  • an anaphase cell briefly holds twice as many centromeres; each future nucleus is still 2n
  • prophase I: leptotene, zygotene (synapsis), pachytene (crossing over), diplotene (chiasmata), diakinesis
  • crossing over is a reciprocal exchange between non-sister chromatids of homologues
  • metaphase I: each bivalent orients independently of the others
  • anaphase I separates homologues; sisters stay joined; products are n, 2C
  • no S phase between meiosis I and meiosis II
  • meiosis II separates sister chromatids: four n, 1C products
  • animal cytokinesis by a cleavage furrow; plant cytokinesis by a cell plate growing outward

About this model

A GLB file of about 1840 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Lably AR (original procedural model). Stage-layout reference: Tactiles "Mitose" and "Meiose" by Barbara Henn and "Animal cell that splits open" by Evert Rasing (tactiles.eu, CC BY-SA 4.0), referenced only. | Original work: all geometry and animation in lesson.glb were newly authored for Lably AR. The Tactiles mitosis/meiosis/animal-cell sources (CC BY-SA 4.0) were inspected as layout references only; no source mesh is included.

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