Le Chatelier and the Haber Process

Also called

Le Chatelier principle · chemical equilibrium · dynamic equilibrium · Haber process · ammonia synthesis · nitrogen dioxide · dinitrogen tetroxide · NO2 N2O4 equilibrium · effect of pressure on equilibrium · effect of temperature on equilibrium · iron catalyst · reversible reaction · endothermic exothermic shift · ला शातेलिए का सिद्धांत · रासायनिक साम्य · हैबर प्रक्रम · अमोनिया

Topics

• In a reversible reaction at equilibrium the forward and backward reactions run at the same rate…
• Le Chatelier: if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it shifts in the direction that undoes the disturbance.
• 2 NO₂ (brown) ⇌ N₂O₄ (colourless). Squeezing the gas raises its pressure…
• The split N₂O₄ → 2 NO₂ is endothermic, so heating the sealed tube shifts it towards NO₂ and the gas turns browner.
• Haber process: N₂ + 3 H₂ ⇌ 2 NH₃, ΔH = −92 kJ. Four moles of gas become two…
• The reaction is exothermic, so a low temperature favours ammonia but is too slow…
• A catalyst speeds up both directions equally: it reaches equilibrium faster but does not move it.
• Ammonia is cooled, liquefied and drawn off, and the unreacted N₂ and H₂ are recycled…

About this model

A GLB file of about 534 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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