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Polar and Non-polar Molecules

  • Chemistry
  • Class 11
  • 3D model
  • English · Hindi

Polar and Non-polar Molecules: a 3D model for Class 11 Chemistry, covering In H–F the more electronegative F pulls the shared pair towards itself: F becomes δ− and H δ+., A polar bond has a dipole moment μ = charge × distance, drawn as a crossed arrow from δ+ to δ−., CO₂ is linear: its two equal C=O dipoles point opposite ways and cancel, so μ = 0 and CO₂ is non-polar., H₂O is bent at 104.5°: its two O–H dipoles add to a net dipole of 1.85 D, so water is polar., Shape decides: a molecule with polar bonds is non-polar only if the bond dipoles cancel by symmetry..

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Also called

polar molecules · non-polar molecules · polar covalent bond · dipole moment · bond dipole · net dipole moment · partial charges delta plus delta minus · electronegativity · hydrogen fluoride HF · carbon dioxide CO2 non-polar · water H2O polar · charged rod bends water stream · like dissolves like · ध्रुवीय अणु · द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण · विद्युत ऋणात्मकता

Topics

  • In H–F the more electronegative F pulls the shared pair towards itself: F becomes δ− and H δ+.
  • A polar bond has a dipole moment μ = charge × distance, drawn as a crossed arrow from δ+ to δ−.
  • CO₂ is linear: its two equal C=O dipoles point opposite ways and cancel, so μ = 0 and CO₂ is non-polar.
  • H₂O is bent at 104.5°: its two O–H dipoles add to a net dipole of 1.85 D, so water is polar.
  • Shape decides: a molecule with polar bonds is non-polar only if the bond dipoles cancel by symmetry.
  • A charged rod pulls a thin stream of water towards it; a stream of non-polar hexane hardly bends.
  • Like dissolves like: polar water dissolves ionic salt, but non-polar oil stays a separate layer on top.
  • Non-polar hexane dissolves non-polar iodine, giving a violet solution.

About this model

A GLB file of about 580 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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