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Seismic Waves and the Shadow Zone

  • Social Science
  • Class 11
  • 3D model
  • English · Hindi

Seismic Waves and the Shadow Zone: a 3D model for Class 11 Social Science, covering An earthquake starts at the focus inside the crust; the point on the surface straight above it is the epicentre., Body waves travel through the Earth: P waves (primary) are faster and arrive first, S waves (secondary) arrive later., P waves push and pull and pass through solids, liquids and gases; S waves shake sideways and pass only through solids., The outer core is liquid, so S waves cannot cross it: no S wave is recorded beyond 105° from the epicentre., P waves bend as they enter the core, so none arrive between 105° and 145°: the P-wave shadow zone..

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Also called

seismic waves · P waves · S waves · primary waves · secondary waves · body waves · shadow zone · earthquake focus · epicentre · seismograph · seismogram · interior of the Earth · crust mantle core · outer core is liquid · inner core · Earth layers · भूकंपीय तरंगें · छाया क्षेत्र · भूकंप · पृथ्वी की आंतरिक संरचना

Topics

  • An earthquake starts at the focus inside the crust; the point on the surface straight above it is the epicentre.
  • Body waves travel through the Earth: P waves (primary) are faster and arrive first, S waves (secondary) arrive later.
  • P waves push and pull and pass through solids, liquids and gases; S waves shake sideways and pass only through solids.
  • The outer core is liquid, so S waves cannot cross it: no S wave is recorded beyond 105° from the epicentre.
  • P waves bend as they enter the core, so none arrive between 105° and 145°: the P-wave shadow zone.
  • The S-wave shadow zone is larger, covering everything beyond 105°, which proves the outer core is liquid.
  • The crust is 5–30 km thick, the mantle reaches 2900 km, the outer core 5150 km and the inner core 6371 km down.
  • A seismograph records the arrivals; the gap between P and S arrivals tells how far away the earthquake was.

About this model

A GLB file of about 588 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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