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Physics
Class 12

CBSE · Class 12 · Physics

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Chapter 9OpticsCBSE / NCERT · Secondary & Senior Secondary

4 worlds · 3 labs for this chapter.

Topics

Geometrical optics
- Mirrors and refraction
- Total internal reflection and optical fibres
- Lens formula and lens maker’s formula
- Lens combinations
- Microscopes and telescopes

Learning objectives

Trace an image through an optical system and calculate a relevant optical quantity.

Worlds

Places to explore freely · 4 worlds

WorldLight & OpticsSeven light experiments as a guided tour, Class 6–9 or Class 10–12 — shadows, a mirror, a spoon, a lens, a prism — with every ray traced through real glass
WorldRefraction & Optical FibresMake a straw look broken, turn a glass block into a perfect mirror, and send a message down a glass fibre
WorldUsing a MicroscopeMount, stain, hunt, focus — and measure a cell in micrometres with a graticule you calibrate yourself
WorldAtomic Spectra & StarlightSplit lamp and star light with a prism, drop an electron down hydrogen's ladder, and read a star's heat off its colour

Main labs

Built for this chapter · 2 labs

Main labTelescopes & ObservatoriesFrom Galileo to James Webb
Main labRay OpticsPhysics

More labs

Also fit this chapter · 1 lab

LabRay Optics & InstrumentsRefraction, image formation

Practice

Questions for Class 12 Physics, with worked answers, on screen or as a printed paper.

Open the question bank

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