Aciculopoda
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Through Fossil, Type (biology) and Stratum
Discovery
The fossil was discovered in the Woodford Shale, exposed at the Ryan Quarry, in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. The Woodford Shale is a dark-colored siliceous shale which outcrops to the north-east and the south-west of the Arbuckle Mountains in Oklahoma. It contains "radiolarians, conodonts, sponge spicules, ammonoid and nautiloid cephalopods, inarticulate brachiopods [...] and small phyllocarid arthropods", and spans the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary. The strata which produced Aciculopoda are thought on the basis of conodont biostratigraphy to be from the Famennian.
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Description
The holotype of Aciculopoda mapesi is housed at the United States National Museum as lot USNM 540766. The animal is 68.8 mm (2.71 in) long, of which the anterior 31 mm (1.2 in) is the cephalothorax. The pleon (abdomen) is around 62 mm (2.4 in) long, along its curved dorsal margin, and about 9 mm (0.35 in) deep at its base. The cuticle is missing from the pleon, exposing the well-preserved muscles beneath.
Etymology
The genus name Aciculopoda is said to be derived from the Latin acicula ("needle") and "poda" ("foot"), referring to the sharp spines on the pereiopods. Pes is however used for "foot" in classical and botanical Latin,. while in ancient Greek, pous (πούς) is used. The specific epithet commemorates Royal Mapes, who discovered the specimen and has published widely on fossil crustaceans.
Interpretation
The only unambiguous decapod fossil older than Aciculopoda is Palaeopalaemon newberryi, found in Devonian sediments in Ohio. (The assignment of Imocaris to the Decapoda is the subject of some debate.) The fact that both Aciculopoda and Palaeopalaemon were discovered in the United States led Feldmann & Schweitzer to suggest that their common ancestor, the most recent common ancestor of the Decapoda may also have originated in the ancient continent Laurentia.