Aharonov–Casher effect

In both effects the particle acquires a phase shift (${\displaystyle \phi }$) while traveling along some path P. In the Aharonov–Bohm effect it is

${\displaystyle {\phi }_{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}}=\frac{q}{\hslash }{\int }_P\mathbf{A}\cdot d\mathbf{x}}$

While for the Aharonov–Casher effect it is

${\displaystyle {\phi }_{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{C}}=\frac{1}{\hslash c^2}{\int }_P(\mathbf{E}\times \mathit{\mu })\cdot d\mathbf{x}}$

where ${\displaystyle q}$ is its charge and ${\displaystyle \mathit{\mu }}$ is the magnetic moment. The effects have been observed together.