Ahuna Mons
Largest mountain on Ceres
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Through Dawn (spacecraft) and Seismic wave
Discovery
The mountain was discovered on images taken by the Dawn spacecraft in orbit around Ceres in 2015. It is estimated to have an average height of about 4 km (2.5 mi; 13,000 ft) and a maximum height of about 5 km (3.1 mi; 16,000 ft) on its steepest side; it is about 20 km (12 mi; 66,000 ft) wide at the base.
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Origin
It has been proposed that Ahuna Mons formed as a cryovolcanic dome. It is the closest cryovolcano to the Sun yet discovered. It is roughly antipodal to the largest impact basin on Ceres, 280 km (170 mi) diameter Kerwan. Seismic energy from the Kerwan-forming impact may have been focused on the opposite side of Ceres, fracturing the outer layers of the area and facilitating the movement of high viscosity cryovolcanic magma (consisting of muddy water ice softened by its content of salts) that was then extruded onto the surface. Crater counts suggest that formation of the mountain continued into the last several hundred million years, making this a relatively young geological feature.
Ahuna Mons is associated with a positive mass anomaly, or mascon, centered about 32–36 km (20–22 mi) below it, not far above the crust-mantle boundary. This suggests it was formed by a plume of mud rising from the mantle.