Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper

Biography

Schimper was born in Strassburg (present day Strasbourg, France), into a family of eminent scientists. His father Wilhelm Philippe Schimper (1808–1880) was Director of the Natural History Museum in the same town, Professor of Geology, and a leading bryologist. His father's cousin was Georg Wilhelm Schimper (1804–1878), prominent collector and explorer in Arabia and North Africa; the naturalist Karl Friedrich Schimper was also a relative.

Schimper studied at the University of Strassburg from 1874 to 1878, acquiring a Ph.D. He then worked in Lyon, and in 1880 travelled to the United States, becoming a Fellow at Johns Hopkins University.

In 1882, he moved back to the University of Bonn working with Eduard Strasburger, becoming a private docent. In 1883, Schimper postulated the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and paved the way to the symbiogenesis theory of Konstantin Mereschkowski and Lynn Margulis. In 1886, he was appointed Extraordinary Professor at the University of Bonn, and worked largely on cell histology, chromatophores and starch metabolism. He had become interested in phytogeography and plant ecology, undertaking expeditions to the West Indies and Venezuela in 1882–1883. In 1886, he stayed with Fritz Müller in Brazil, and in 1889–1890 in Ceylon, the Malaya and Botanical Garden in Buitenzorg (Bogor, Java), concentrating on mangroves, epiphytes and littoral vegetation. This resulted in his account of the Rhizophoraceae in Engler & Prantl's Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien.

In 1898, he became Professor of Botany at the University of Basel and the same year joined the German Valdivia-Expedition. This was a deep-sea expedition aboard the SS Valdivia led by Professor Carl Chun. The trip lasted 9 months, during which they visited the Canary Islands, Cameroon, Cape Town, (where he joined Rudolf Marloth on collecting trips in the southern Cape), Kerguelen, New Amsterdam and Cocos Islands, Sumatra, the Maldives, Ceylon, the Seychelles and the Red Sea.

Schimper was the first to give a clear and proper definition of plastid and also explained its types. In 1899, he became Professor of Botany at the University of Basel. His health had been seriously affected by malaria contracted in Cameroon and Dar-es-Salaam, and he died of complications of malaria at the age of 45 in 1901.