Angiolipoma

Causes

The majority of the time, angiolipomas happen randomly, however in a small percentage of cases, a familial history is apparent. Usually, a history of trauma is linked to it. Angiolipomas frequently have PRKD2 mutations, according to a recent study.

Diagnosis

Preoperative diagnostics for angiolipoma usually involve computed tomography (CT) with a hyperechoic mass and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nevertheless, these techniques are not very good at giving a conclusive diagnosis for these malignancies. For this reason, a histological study is frequently necessary to provide a definitive diagnosis.

From a histological perspective, angiolipomas exhibit a variable mature adipocytic growth linked to a vascular component. The capillary-sized proliferation that makes up the majority of the vascular network is more noticeable towards the periphery. The presence of fibrin microthrombi, a nearly unique morphologic characteristic of angiolipoma, is characteristic of the blood vessels. The lesion may be adipocytic, and the degree of capillary development can range from negligible to prominent (cellular angiolipoma).

Treatment

Total excision or liposuction is the appropriate course of action for the management of angiolipomas. After excision, the non-infiltrating subtype typically does not recur. Wide excision with distinct margins is necessary to reduce the likelihood of recurrence because the infiltrating subtype is linked to a 35% to 50% recurrence rate.

Epidemiology

Angiolipoma represent 5% to 17% of all lipomas. Peak incidence occurs in the second and third decades of life. They primarily affect men.