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Anti-cardiolipin antibodies

Type of autoantibody

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Anti-cardiolipin antibodies can be classified in two ways:

  • As IgM, IgG or IgA
  • As β2-glycoprotein dependent or independent
    • In autoimmune disease, ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
    • In syphilis, ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test

Apolipoprotein H involvement

β2-glycoprotein I has been identified as apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease. Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis.

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