Archamoebae
Infraphylum of protists
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Description
Archamoebae are a diverse group of amoebae. Many have flagella for motility, while others do not. They grow in the absence of oxygen, though some can tolerate small amounts. Most described species of Archamoebae either lack mitochondria or are described to have reduced mitosomes.
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Habitat
They thrive and live in soil, freshwater, and marine habitats.
History
The group Archamoebae was proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998 as part of the Archezoa, a newly-proposed group to include eukaryotes that had diverged before acquisition of mitochondria and other common eukaryotic cell features. Early molecular trees based on rRNA supported this position, placing several Archamoebae genera as separate groups that diverged from other eukaryotes very early on, suggesting that the absence of mitochondria was a primitive condition. However, soon thereafter genetic remnants of mitochondria were found in various Archamoebae, suggesting that these organisms had diverged after the evolution of mitochondria, but had lost their mitochondria over time, and are more closely related to various amoebae and slime molds.
Phylogeny
The following cladogram summarizes the known relationships between the different families of Archamoebae.
Taxonomy
Infraphylum Archamoebae Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. nov. 1998
- Class Archamoebea Cavalier-Smith 1983 stat. nov. 2004
- Order Entamoebida Cavalier-Smith 1993
- Family Entamoebidae Chatton 1925 em. Cavalier-Smith 1993
- Genus †Entamoebites Poinar & Boucot 2006
- Genus Entamoeba Casagrandi & Barbagallo 1895
- Family Entamoebidae Chatton 1925 em. Cavalier-Smith 1993
- Order Pelobiontida Page 1976 em. Cavalier Smith 1987
- Suborder Pelomyxina Starobogatov 1980
- Family Pelomyxidae Shulze 1877 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
- Genus Pelomyxa Greeff 1874
- Genus Mastigella Frenzel 1892
- Family Pelomyxidae Shulze 1877 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
- Suborder Mastigamoebina (Frenzel 1897) Pánek et al. 2016
- Family Rhizomastigidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
- Genus Rhizomastix Aléxéieff 1911
- Family Mastigamoebidae Goldschmidt 1907
- Family Rhizomastigidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
- Suborder Pelomyxina Starobogatov 1980
- Order Entamoebida Cavalier-Smith 1993
Archamoebae incertae sedis
- Genus Endamoeba Leidy 1879
- Genus Mastigina Frenzel 1897
- Family Tricholimacidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
- Genus Tricholimax Frenzel 1892