Bandwidth management
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Through Port (computer networking) and Internet service provider
Bandwidth management mechanisms and techniques
Bandwidth management mechanisms may be used to further engineer performance and includes:
- Traffic shaping (rate limiting):
- Token bucket
- Leaky bucket
- TCP rate control - artificially adjusting TCP window size as well as controlling the rate of ACKs being returned to the sender
- Scheduling algorithms:
- Weighted fair queuing (WFQ)
- Class based weighted fair queuing
- Weighted round robin (WRR)
- Deficit weighted round robin (DWRR)
- Hierarchical Fair Service Curve (HFSC)
- Congestion avoidance:
- RED, WRED - Lessens the possibility of port queue buffer tail-drops and this lowers the likelihood of TCP global synchronization
- Policing (marking/dropping the packet in excess of the committed traffic rate and burst size)
- Explicit congestion notification
- Buffer tuning - allows you to modify the way a router allocates buffers from its available memory, and helps prevent packet drops during a temporary burst of traffic.
- Bandwidth reservation protocols / algorithms
- Resource reservation protocol (RSVP) - is the means by which applications communicate their requirements to the network in an efficient and robust manner.
- Constraint-based Routing Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP)
- Top-nodes algorithm
- Traffic classification - categorising traffic according to some policy in order that the above techniques can be applied to each class of traffic differently
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Link performance
Issues which may limit the performance of a given link include:
- TCP determines the capacity of a connection by flooding it until packets start being dropped (slow start)
- Queueing in routers results in higher latency and jitter as the network approaches (and occasionally exceeds) capacity
- TCP global synchronization when the network reaches capacity results in waste of bandwidth
- Burstiness of web traffic requires spare bandwidth to rapidly accommodate the bursty traffic
- Lack of widespread support for explicit congestion notification and quality of service management on the Internet
- Internet Service Providers typically retain control over queue management and quality of service at their end of the link
- Window Shaping allows higher end products to reduce traffic flows, which reduce queue depth and allow more users to share more bandwidth fairly
Tools and techniques
- Packet sniffer is a program or a device that eavesdrops on the network traffic by grabbing information traveling over a network
- Network traffic measurement