Björg Carítas Þorláksson
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Björg Carítas Þorláksdóttir was born in Vesturhópshólar of Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla County, Iceland to Margrétar Jónsdóttur and Þorláks Símonar Þorláksson Her mother raised the children, Sigurbjörg, who would become a teacher; Magnús, who was later a farmer; and Jón, who became the Prime Minister of Iceland, along with Björg. Their father was farmer and the mayor of Vesturhópshólar and her maternal grandfather Jón Eiríksson was the priest of Undirfell (is). She studied at the women's school at Ytriey from 1891 to 1894, earning her teaching credentials.
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Career
As soon as she graduated, Björg began working as a teacher and taught for the next three years. In 1897, she went to Copenhagen with her brother Jón to further her education. She enrolled in the school taught by Natalie Zahle but left after a year and applied to study at the Lærða skólanum (The Learned School) at the Reykjavík Junior College. Her application was not approved and she remained in Copenhagen to finish her teaching degree. In 1900, she completed her degree from the Lyceum in Copenhagen and then attended courses at the Athens Classes to study Greek and Latin. She again applied to attend Reykjavik Junior College as a sixth year student, but was rejected because school policy allowed women to take a matriculation examination, but not attend classes. Instead, Björg enrolled at Nørrebro's Latin and Real School (da) in Copenhagen, graduating with her bachelor's degree in 1901. The following year, she passed the PhD candidacy examination for the University of Copenhagen and enrolled in classes.
In 1903, Björg married Sigfús Blöndal, a bookkeeper at the Royal Danish Library. Björg took his name and became known as Björg Blöndal. Together, they embarked on a project to create an Icelandic-Danish dictionary. The work took them nearly twenty years to complete, in part due to several bouts of illness. Blöndal was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1907 and spent most of 1908 in a tubercular hospital. She did not fully recover her health until 1911. In 1919, she was hospitalized at the state hospital in Copenhagen for lung cancer, but the tumor was found to be benign. When their dictionary was published in 1920–1924, only her husband's work was recognized. Upon completion of the work, the couple's marriage fell apart and they filed for divorce. Sigfús was granted an honorary doctorate from the University of Iceland in 1924, but Björg was not. She took the name Björg C. Þorláksson (Björg C. Thorláksson) and moved to Paris. Her divorce was finally granted in 1925, by which time, Þorláksson was studying at the Sorbonne.
Þorláksson prepared her thesis, Le fondement physiologique des instincts des systèmes nutritif, neuromuscular et genital (The physiological basis of the instincts of the nutritive, neuromuscular and genital systems), which evaluated whether instinct was prompted by biology. She graduated in 1926 as the first Icelandic woman to achieve a doctorate degree. In 1928 the tumors returned and she underwent radiation therapy in Paris. She was put in an asylum, against her will, as it was believed she was suffering from delusions.
Death and legacy
Þorláksson died of breast cancer on 25 February 1934 in Copenhagen. In 2000, money was raised to erect a copy of Ásmundur Sveinsson's 1928 bust of Þorláksson to be installed in her honor at the University of Iceland. It now stands in front of Oddi, the social sciences building at the University of Iceland. In 2001, Sigríður Dúna Kristmundsdóttir (is) published a biography of Þorláksson, Björg: Ævisaga Bjargar C. Þorláksson (Björg: Life story of Björg C. Þorláksson) with JPV Publishing.