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- Upano Valley sitesNetwork of ancient cities
- Upheaval of the Five Barbarians304–316 period during China's Western Jin dynasty
- Upper MesopotamiaNorthern part of the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
- Uqaylid dynastyArab dynasty from 990 to 1096
- UrartuIron-Age kingdom of the ancient Near East
- UrnayrUrnayr (attested only as Old Armenian Ուռնայր Uṙnayr) was the third Arsacid king of Caucas
- Uruk periodArchaeological culture of Mesopotamia
- UrumeansThe Urumu (also called the Urumeans) were a tribe attested in cuneiform sources in the Bro
- Utica, TunisiaAncient Phoenician and Carthaginian city
- Uyuk culture52°04′18″N 93°37′55″E / 52.071606°N 93.631836°E