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- J. F. CameronJohn Forbes Cameron (July 1873 – 21 March 1952) was a Scottish mathematician, academic and
- J. J. SakuraiJun John Sakurai (桜井 純, Sakurai Jun, January 31, 1933 – November 1, 1982) was a Japanese–A
- J. J. ThomsonBritish physicist (1856–1940)
- J. Robert OppenheimerAmerican theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
- Jabir ibn HayyanIslamic alchemist and polymath (died c. 806–816)
- Jack KilbyAmerican electrical engineer (1923–2005)
- Jack SepkoskiJoseph John Sepkoski Jr. (July 26, 1948 – May 1, 1999) was a University of Chicago paleont
- Jacob BernoulliSwiss mathematician (1655–1705)
- Jacobus Henricus van 't HoffDutch physical and organic chemist (1852–1911)
- Jacques CousteauFrench oceanographer and author (1910–1997)
- Jacques DuboisFrench anatomist (1478 – 1555)
- James ChadwickBritish physicist (1891–1974)
- James Flack NorrisJames Flack Norris (January 20, 1871 – August 3, 1940) was an American chemist.
- James HuttonScottish geologist, agriculturalist, chemical manufacturer (1726–1797)
- James Prescott JouleEnglish physicist (1818–1889)
- James Read ChadwickJames Read Chadwick (November 2, 1844 – September 23, 1905) was an American gynecologist a
- James Thomson (mathematician)James Thomson (13 November 1786 – 12 January 1849) was a British Irish mathematician. He w
- James WatsonAmerican biologist (1928–2025)
- James WattScottish inventor, engineer and chemist (1736–1819)
- Jan L. A. van de SnepscheutJohannes Lambertus Adriana van de Snepscheut (Dutch: ; 12 September 1953 – 23 February 199
- Jane GoodallEnglish zoologist (1934–2025)
- Japan Patent Office35°40′15.56″N 139°44′45.15″E / 35.6709889°N 139.7458750°E
- Jean Baptiste Joseph DelambreFrench mathematician and astronomer (1749–1822)
- Jean Le Rond d'AlembertFrench mathematician (1717–1783)
- Jean TagaultJean Tagault or Jean Tagaut (in Latin Joannes Tagaultius) (around 1499 in Vimy or more cer
- Jean-Baptiste LamarckFrench naturalist (1744–1829)
- Jean-Pierre VigierJean-Pierre Vigier (16 January 1920 – 4 May 2004) was a French theoretical physicist, know
- Jerry DonohueJerry Donohue (June 12, 1920 – February 13, 1985) was an American theoretical and physical
- Johann BernoulliSwiss mathematician (1667–1748)
- Johann II BernoulliJohann II Bernoulli (also known as Jean; 18 May 1710, Basel – 17 July 1790, Basel) was the
- Johannes Diderik van der WaalsDutch physicist (1837–1923)
- Johannes KeplerGerman astronomer and mathematician (1571–1630)
- Johannes von KriesJohannes Adolf von Kries (6 October 1853 – 30 December 1928) was a German physiological ps
- John BardeenAmerican physicist (1908–1991)
- John C. SlaterAmerican physicist (1900–1976)
- John DaltonBritish chemist and physicist (1766–1844)
- John H. LawrenceJohn Hundale Lawrence (January 7, 1904 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist and
- John James AudubonFrench-American ornithologist (1785–1851)
- John Logie BairdScottish inventor (1888–1946)
- John Pearson (bishop)John Pearson (28 February 1613 – 16 July 1686) was an English theologian and scholar.
- John SnowEnglish epidemiologist and physician (1813–1858)
- John Stephens GrahamJohn Stephens Graham (August 4, 1905 – October 20, 1976) was a Washington, D.C., attorney
- John von NeumannHungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
- John W. NegeleJohn William Negele (born 18 April 1944 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American theoretical nuc
- John WilkinsEnglish natural philosopher (1614–1672)
- Jonas SalkAmerican inventor of the polio vaccine (1914–1995)
- Jöns Jacob BerzeliusSwedish chemist (1779–1848)
- Joseph BanksEnglish naturalist and botanist (1743–1820)
- Joseph Dalton HookerBritish botanist and explorer (1817–1911)
- Joseph FourierFrench mathematician and physicist (1768–1830)
- Joseph ListerEnglish scientist, surgeon and antiseptic pioneer (1827–1912)
- Joseph Louis Gay-LussacFrench chemist and physicist (1778–1850)
- Joseph PriestleyEnglish chemist and polymath (1733–1804)
- Joseph-Louis LagrangeItalian-French scientist (1736–1813)
- Josiah Willard GibbsAmerican scientist (1839–1903)
- Joule expansionIrreversible thermodynamic process in which a volume of gas expands into a vacuum
- Julius BauschingerJulius Bauschinger (January 28, 1860 – January 21, 1934) was a German astronomer.
- June LindseyJune Monica Lindsey (née Broomhead, June 7, 1922 – November 4, 2021) was a British-Canadia
- Justus von LiebigGerman chemist (1803–1873)