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- ParacelsusSwiss physician, philosopher, theologian, and alchemist (c. 1493 – 1541)
- Partial dislocationIn materials science, a partial dislocation is a decomposed form of dislocation that occur
- Particulate inheritanceParticulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian genetics theor
- Pascal's ruleCombinatorial identity about binomial coefficients
- Pascal's theoremIn projective geometry, Pascal's theorem (also known as the hexagrammum mysticum theorem,
- Paul DiracBritish physicist (1902–1984)
- Pauli groupIn physics and mathematics, the Pauli group on 1 qubit is the 16-element matrix group cons
- Peter DebyeDutch-American physical chemist (1884–1966)
- Peter Gustav Lejeune DirichletGerman mathematician (1805–1859)
- Philip KellandPhilip Kelland PRSE FRS (17 October 1808 – 8 May 1879) was an English mathematician. He wa
- Philippe CousteauPhilippe Pierre Cousteau (30 December 1940 – 28 June 1979) was a French diver, sailor, pil
- Philo FarnsworthAmerican inventor (1906–1971)
- PhilolausGreek philosopher (c. 470 – c. 385 BC)
- Pierre BoutrouxPierre Léon Boutroux (French: ; 6 December 1880 – 15 August 1922) was a French mathematici
- Pierre CurieFrench physicist and chemist (1859–1906)
- Pierre de FermatFrench mathematician and lawyer (1601–1665)
- Pierre-Simon LaplaceFrench polymath (1749–1827)
- Piezoresistive effectThe piezoresistive effect is a change in the electrical resistivity of a semiconductor or
- Pliny the ElderRoman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79)
- Poincaré metricIn mathematics, the Poincaré metric, named after Henri Poincaré, is the metric tensor desc
- Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theoremIn mathematics, more specifically in the theory of Lie algebras, the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Wit
- Poincaré–Lindstedt methodIn perturbation theory, the Poincaré–Lindstedt method or Lindstedt–Poincaré method is a te
- Point-contact transistorFirst successful type of transistor, developed in 1947
- Poisson kernelIn mathematics, and specifically in potential theory, the Poisson kernel is an integral ke
- Political egalitarianismWhen everyone has equal political power or influence
- Pöschl–Teller potentialIn mathematical physics, a Pöschl–Teller potential, named after the physicists Herta Pösch
- Prafulla Chandra RayBengali chemist, educationist, nationalist, industrialist and philanthropist
- Prism adaptationPrism adaptation is a sensory-motor adaptation that occurs after the visual field has been
- Problem of pointsThe problem of points, also called the problem of division of the stakes, is a classical p
- Project YSecret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project
- PtolemyGreco-Roman astronomer and geographer (c. 100–170)
- Ptolemy's intense diatonic scalePtolemy's intense diatonic scale, also known as the Ptolemaic sequence, justly tuned major
- Ptolemy's table of chords2nd century AD trigonometric table
- PythagorasGreek philosopher (c. 570 – c. 495 BC)