Scientists, inventors and mathematicians
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- Rachel CarsonAmerican marine biologist and conservationist (1907–1964)
- Ralph FowlerBritish mathematical physicist (1889–1944)
- Raymond GoslingBritish physicist (1926–2015)
- Rear admiral (United States)Flag officer rank of the USN, USCG, USPHS, and NOAA Corps
- Reciprocity (optoelectronic)Optoelectronic reciprocity relations relate properties of a diode under illumination to th
- Reginald Hawthorn HookerReginald Hawthorn Hooker (12 January 1867 – 2 June 1944) English civil servant, statistici
- Reverse learningReverse learning is a neurobiological theory of dreams. In 1983, in a paper published in t
- Richard DedekindGerman mathematician (1831–1916)
- Richard FeynmanAmerican theoretical physicist (1918–1988)
- Richard Friedrich Johannes PfeifferGerman physician and bacteriologist
- Richard KleemanRichard Daniel Kleeman (20 January 1875 – 10 October 1932) was an Australian physicist. Wi
- Robert BoyleAnglo-Irish scientist (1627–1691)
- Robert BrodeRobert Bigham Brode (June 12, 1900 – February 19, 1986) was an American physicist, who dur
- Robert Burns WoodwardAmerican chemist (1917–1979)
- Robert FultonAmerican engineer and inventor (1765–1815)
- Robert H. GoddardAmerican physicist and inventor (1882–1945)
- Robert Hare (chemist)Robert Hare (January 17, 1781 – May 15, 1858) was an early American chemist and professor.
- Robert HindeRobert Aubrey Hinde CBE FRS FBA (26 October 1923 – 23 December 2016) was a British zoologi
- Robert HookeEnglish polymath (1635–1703)
- Robert KochGerman physician and bacteriologist (1843–1910)
- Robert Koch InstituteThe Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is a German federal government agency and research institu
- Robert MillikanAmerican physicist (1868–1953)
- Robert StephensonEnglish civil and locomotive engineer (1803–1859)
- Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondenceIn mathematics, the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence, also referred to as the RSK c
- Robley D. Evans (physicist)Robley Dunglison Evans (May 18, 1907, University Place, Nebraska – December 31, 1995, Para
- Ronald FisherBritish polymath (1890–1962)
- Rosalind FranklinBritish X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958)
- Rothamsted ResearchUK agricultural research institution
- Royal Border BridgeThe Royal Border Bridge spans the River Tweed between Berwick-upon-Tweed and Tweedmouth in
- Rudolf DieselGerman inventor and engineer (1858–1913)
- Ruhleben internment campRuhleben internment camp was a civilian detention camp in Germany during World War I. It w
- Rumford PrizeAmerican science prize