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- S. R. RanganathanIndian mathematician and librarian
- S. T. JoshiAmerican literary critic (born 1958)
- Sacheverell SitwellEnglish writer
- SahagúnSahagún (Spanish pronunciation: ) is a town and municipality of Spain, part of the autonom
- Sai OnRyukyuan bureaucrat (1682–1762)
- SallustRoman historian and politician (86–35 BC)
- Sam HarrisAmerican neuroscientist and philosopher (born 1967)
- Samuel Eliot MorisonAmerican historian, Navy officer (1887–1976)
- Samuel Flagg BemisAmerican historian and biographer
- Samuel P. HuntingtonAmerican political scientist (1927–2008)
- Samuel Rawson GardinerEnglish historian (1829–1902)
- Sandra Day O'ConnorAmerican lawyer, politician and judge (1930–2023)
- Section 51(xx) of the Constitution of AustraliaSection 51(xx) of the Australian Constitution is a subsection of Section 51 of the Austral
- Serbian folkloreSerbian folklore is the folk traditions among ethnic Serbs. The earliest examples of Serbi
- Sergei DiaghilevRussian art critic and impresario (1872–1929)
- Sergey Solovyov (historian)Russian historian
- Sergio MoroBrazilian politician and federal judge (born 1972)
- Seymour Martin LipsetAmerican sociologist (1922–2006)
- Shēn (surname)Shēn is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 申.
- Shen BuhaiChinese philosopher and politician (c. 400–c. 337 BC)
- Shen DaoChinese legalist theoretician (c. 350–c. 275 BC)
- Shen YueChinese poet, statesman, and historian (441–513)
- Sherry OrtnerAmerican anthropologist (born 1941)
- Sherwood WashburnAmerican physical anthropologist (1911–2000)
- Shong Lue YangCreator of the Pahawh Hmong (1929–1971)
- Shoqan WalikhanovKazakh ethnographer (1835–1865)
- Si RiverRiver in Shandong, China
- Sidney ZionSidney E. Zion (November 14, 1933 – August 2, 2009) was an American writer. His works incl
- Sigmund FreudAustrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)
- SigriswilSigriswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern i
- Simon HantaïSimon Hantaï (7 December 1922, Biatorbágy, Hungary – Paris, 12 September 2008; took French
- Simon LeysBelgian-Australian writer, sinologist and essayist (1935–2014)
- Simon SchamaEnglish historian (born 1945)
- Simone WeilFrench philosopher (1909–1943)
- SliftingIn linguistics, slifting is a grammatical construction in which the embedded clause of a p
- Sloppy identityIn linguistics, sloppy identity is an interpretive property that is found with verb phrase
- Sociology in TurkeySociology in Turkey has gone through several stages of development beginning with proto-so
- SocratesAncient Greek philosopher (c. 470–399 BC)
- Socrates of ConstantinopleGreek Christian church historian
- Song CiChinese physician and forensic entomologist (1186–1249)
- SortalSortal is a concept used by some philosophers in discussing issues of identity, persistenc
- Southern Historical AssociationThe Southern Historical Association is a professional academic organization of historians
- Sozomen5th-century Eastern Roman lawyer and historian
- Stagira (ancient city)Ancient Greek city in Central Macedonia
- Stanley AronowitzStanley Aronowitz (January 6, 1933 – August 16, 2021) was an American sociologist, trade u
- Stanley Cohen (sociologist)British sociologist (1942–2013)
- Stanley ElkinsStanley Maurice Elkins (April 27, 1925 in Boston, Massachusetts – September 16, 2013 in Le
- Stanley SchachterAmerican psychologist (1922–1997)
- Starr ReportThe Starr Report, officially the Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr in Con
- Stephen E. AmbroseAmerican historian and writer (1936–2002)
- Steven D. HollonSteven D. Hollon (born 1949) is an American psychologist, academic and researcher. He is t
- Stobaeus5th-century Greek anthologist
- Stuart MacintyreAustralian historian (1947–2021)
- Student Doctor NetworkStudent Doctor Network (SDN) is a nonprofit educational organization founded in 1999 for p
- Studs TerkelAmerican author, historian and broadcaster (1912–2008)
- Supposition theorySupposition theory was a branch of medieval logic that was probably aimed at giving accoun
- Surendranath DasguptaIndian scholar of Sanskrit and eastern philosophy (1887–1952)
- Susan BlackmoreBritish writer and academic (born 1951)
- Swedish Romantic literatureSwedish Romantic literature denotes Swedish literature between 1809 and 1830. In Europe, t