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- G 29-38White dwarf in Pisces
- G-CloudInterstellar cloud located next to the Local Interstellar Cloud
- G-forceTerm for accelerations felt as weight in multiples of standard gravity
- G-type asteroidG-type asteroids are a relatively uncommon type of carbonaceous asteroid that makes up app
- G-type main-sequence starStellar classification
- G. Scott HubbardG. Scott Hubbard (born December 27, 1948) is a physicist who has been engaged in space-rel
- G1.9+0.3Supernova remnant in the constellation of Sagittarius
- Gabriella Conti ArmelliniItalian astronomer (1891–1974)
- Gabrielle Renaudot FlammarionGabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (née Renaudot) (31 May 1877 – 28 October 1962) was a French
- GacruxStar in the constellation Crux
- Gaia BH1Binary system containing the closest known black hole to Earth
- Gaia cataloguesCatalogues consisting of data from the Gaia mission
- Gaia SausageRemains of a galaxy merger in the Milky Way
- Gal (unit)The gal (symbol: Gal), sometimes called galileo after Galileo Galilei, is a unit of accele
- Galactic astronomyStudy of the Milky Way galaxy and its contents
- Galactic bulgeTightly packed group of stars within a larger formation
- Galactic CenterRotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
- Galactic Center filamentLarge structures found in the center of the Milky Way
- Galactic Center GeV excessUnexplained gamma rays from the Galactic Center
- Galactic coordinate systemCelestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center
- Galactic coronaHot, ionised, gaseous component of a galactic halo
- Galactic discComponent of disc galaxies comprising gas and stars
- Galactic habitable zoneRegion of a galaxy in which life might most likely develop
- Galactic haloSpherical component of a galaxy
- Galactic orientationSpatial orientation of a galactic plane
- Galactic planePlane on which most of a disk-shaped galaxy's mass lies
- Galactic quadrantOne of four circular sectors of the Milky Way galaxy
- Galactic ridgeRegion of space
- Galactic tideTidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy
- Galactic yearUnit of time
- GalactocentrismIn astronomy, galactocentrism is the theory that the Milky Way Galaxy, home of Earth's Sol
- Galaxias FossaeThe Galaxias Fossae are a group of troughs in the Cebrenia quadrangle of Mars, located at
- GalaxySystem of stars and interstellar matter
- Galaxy clusterAstronomical structure
- Galaxy color–magnitude diagramChart depicting the relationship between brightness and mass of large star systems
- Galaxy filamentLargest structures in the universe, made of galaxies
- Galaxy formation and evolutionSubfield of cosmology
- Galaxy groupAggregation of galaxies with 50 or fewer members
- Galaxy groups and clustersLargest known gravitationally bound object in universe; aggregation of galaxies
- Galaxy mergerMerger whereby at least two galaxies collide
- Galaxy morphological classificationSystem for categorizing galaxies based on appearance
- Galaxy rotation curveObserved discrepancy in galactic angular momenta
- Galaxy ZooGalaxy Zoo is a crowdsourced astronomy project which invites people to assist in the morph
- Gale (crater)Martian crater
- Galilean moonsFour largest moons of Jupiter
- Galileo affair17th-century conflict between Galileo Galilei and the Roman Catholic Church
- Galileo National TelescopeTelescope in the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, Canary Islands
- Galileo RegioDark region on Ganymede
- Gambart (crater)Gambart is a small lunar impact crater on the Mare Insularum, near the central region of t
- Gamma (eclipse)Measure of the alignment of an eclipse
- Gamma AndromedaeStar in the constellation Andromeda
- Gamma AquilaeStar in the constellation Aquila
- Gamma AraeStar in the constellation Ara
- Gamma BoötisBinary star system in the constellation Boötes
- Gamma CassiopeiaeStar system in the constellation Cassiopeia
- Gamma Cassiopeiae variableType of eruptive variable star
- Gamma CentauriStar in the constellation Centaurus
- Gamma CepheiBinary star in the constellation Cepheus
- Gamma Cephei AbJovian planet orbiting γ Cephei A
- Gamma CetiStar system in the constellation Cetus
- Gamma Comae BerenicesGamma Comae Berenices, Latinized from γ Comae Berenices, is a single, orange-hued star in
- Gamma CorviStar in the constellation of Corvus
- Gamma CygniStar in the constellation Cygnus
- Gamma DoradusStar in the constellation Dorado
- Gamma Doradus variableType of variable star
- Gamma DraconisStar in the constellation Draco
- Gamma EridaniVariable star in the constellation Eridanus
- Gamma GeminorumStar in the constellation Gemini
- Gamma GruisStar in the constellation Grus
- Gamma HerculisSpectroscopic binary star system in the constellation Hercules
- Gamma HydraeStar in the constellation Hydra
- Gamma HydriVariable star in the constrellation Hydrus
- Gamma LeonisBinary star in the constellation Leo
- Gamma LupiTriple star system in the constellation Lupus
- Gamma LyraeStar in the constellation Lyra
- Gamma MicroscopiiStar in the constellation Microscopium
- Gamma Muscaeγ Muscae, Latinised as Gamma Muscae, is a blue-white hued star in the southern circumpolar
- Gamma PegasiVariable B-type star in the constellation Pegasus
- Gamma PerseiBinary star system in the constellation Perseus
- Gamma SagittaeRed giant star in the constellation Sagitta
- Gamma TauriGamma Tauri (γ Tauri, abbreviated Gamma Tau, γ Tau) is either a solitary, binary or double
- Gamma Trianguli AustralisStar in the constellation Triangulum Australe
- Gamma VelorumStar system in the constellation Vela
- Gamma VirginisStar in the constellation Virgo
- Gamma VolantisGamma Volantis, Latinized from γ Volantis, is a wide binary star system in the southern co
- Gamma-ray astronomyObservational astronomy performed with gamma rays
- Gamma-ray burstFlash of gamma rays from a distant galaxy
- Gamma-ray burst emission mechanismsGamma-ray burst emission mechanisms are theories that explain how the energy from a gamma-
- Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared DetectorThe Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND) is an imaging instrument used t
- Gamma-ray burst progenitorsTypes of celestial objects that can emit gamma-ray bursts
- Gamma-Ray Imaging SpectrometerBalloon-borne gamma-ray spectrometer instrument
- Gamma-ray spectrometerA gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is an instrument for measuring the distribution (or spectru
- Gamma1 CaeliGamma1 Caeli, Latinized from γ1 Caeli, is a double star in the constellation Caelum. It co
- Gamma2 NormaeGamma2 Normae, Latinized from γ2 Nor, is the brightest star in the southern constellation
- Gamma2 Sagittarii3rd-magnitude K-type star in the constellation Sagittarius
- Ganis ChasmaChasma on Venus
- Ganymede (moon)Largest moon of Jupiter
- Gaocheng Astronomical ObservatoryUNESCO World Heritage Site
- GarafíaGarafía is a municipality in the island of La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Island
- Gareth V. WilliamsEnglish-American astronomer
- Gary FerlandAmerican astrophysicist
- Gary HugAmerican astronomer
- Gas giantGiant planet mostly made of light elements
- Gauss's methodWay to determine a preliminary orbit from initial observations in astronomy
- GCRT J1745−3009Radio source near the Milky Way's Galactic Center
- GD 358Star in the constellation Hercules
- GD 362Star in the constellation Hercules
- GD 61Star in the constellation Perseus
- GegenscheinOptical effect of interplanetary dust reflections
- GemingaX-ray pulsar in the constellation Gemini
- Gemini (astrology)Third astrological sign of the zodiac
- Gemini (constellation)Zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere
- GeminidsMeteor shower
- GeminusAncient Greek astronomer and mathematician (fl. 1st-century BC)
- Geminus (crater)Geminus is a lunar impact crater that is located near the northeast limb of the visible Mo
- General Catalogue of Variable StarsList of variable stars
- Genesis (spacecraft)Genesis was a NASA sample-return probe that collected a sample of solar wind particles and
- Genesis RockRock retrieved from the Moon in 1971
- Geneva ObservatoryObservatory
- Genitive caseGrammatical case
- Geocentric orbitOrbit around Earth
- Geodynamics of VenusNASA's Magellan spacecraft mission discovered that Venus has a geologically young surface
- Geological history of MarsPhysical evolution of the planet Mars
- Geology of CharonGeologic structure and composition of Charon
- Geology of MarsGeology of fourth planet from the Sun
- Geology of MercuryThe geology of Mercury is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the
- Geology of PlutoGeologic structure and composition of Pluto
- Geology of the MoonStructure and composition of the Moon
- Geology of TitanThe geology of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is inferred from observations: Titan's d
- Geology of TritonGeologic structure and composition of Triton
- Geology of VenusGeology of second planet from the Sun
- Geometric albedoRatio of a celestial body's brightness to that of a Lambertian ideal
- Geophysical definition of planetAstronomic definition
- Geophysical Journal InternationalGeophysical Journal International (GJI) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal in t
- George AlcockEnglish amateur astronomer (1912–2000)
- George B. FieldAmerican astrophysicist
- George Biddell AiryEnglish mathematician and astronomer (1801–1892)
- George David GatewoodAmerican astronomer
- George Ellery Hale PrizeThe George Ellery Hale Prize, or Hale Prize, is awarded annually by the Solar Physics Divi
- George HerbigAmerican astronomer (1920–2013)
- George O. AbellAmerican astronomer (1927–1983)
- George Van BiesbroeckBelgian–American astronomer (1880–1974)
- George William HillGeorge William Hill (March 3, 1838 – April 16, 1914) was an American astronomer and mathem
- Georgian National Astrophysical ObservatoryObservatory in Abastumani, Adigeni Municipality, Georgia
- Geostationary orbitCircular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
- Geosynchronous orbitOrbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
- Gerald KronGerald Kron (April 6, 1913 – April 9, 2012) was an American astronomer who was one of the
- Gerald Maurice ClemenceAmerican astronomer (1908–1974)
- German Aerospace CenterGerman research center for aerospace and power engineering
- German Antarctic Receiving Station63°19′15″S 57°54′03″W / 63.320892°S 57.900953°W
- GG CarinaeBinary star system
- Ghost craters on MercuryGhost craters on the planet Mercury have tectonic features such as graben and wrinkle ridg
- Giant ArcLarge-scale structure in the observable universe seen in 2021
- Giant GRB RingThe Giant GRB Ring is a ring of 9 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that may be associated with one
- Giant Metrewave Radio TelescopeRadio telescope center
- Giant planetPlanet much larger than the Earth
- Giant starType of star, larger and brighter than the Sun
- Giant VoidRegion of outer space
- Giant-impact hypothesisHypothesis of the formation of the Moon
- Giovanni BignamiGiovanni Fabrizio Bignami (10 April 1944 – 24 May 2017) was an Italian physicist. From Mar
- Givatayim ObservatoryAstronomical observatory in Israel
- GJ 1214 bSub-Neptune orbiting GJ 1214
- GJ 3379GJ 3379 (Giclas 99-49) is the nearest star in the Orion constellation, located at a distan
- GK PerseiStar in the constellation Perseus
- Glare (vision)Bright light which impairs vision
- Gliese 293L 97-12 (or WD 0752-676, or LHS 34, or Gliese 293) is a nearby degenerate star (white dwar
- Gliese 412Binary star system in the constellation Ursa Major
- Gliese 436Star in the constellation Leo
- Gliese 436 bHot Neptune exoplanet orbiting Gliese 436
- Gliese 570Quaternary star system in the constellation Libra
- Gliese 581Star in the constellation Libra
- Gliese 581cSuper-Earth exoplanet orbiting Gliese 581
- Gliese 581dContested super-Earth orbiting Gliese 581
- Gliese 581eExoplanet orbiting Gliese 581
- Gliese 65Binary star in the constellation Cetus
- Gliese 667Triple-star system in the constellation Scorpius
- Gliese 667 CcGoldilocks super-Earth orbiting Gliese 667 C
- Gliese 676Gliese 676 is a 10th-magnitude wide binary system of red dwarfs that has an estimated mini
- Gliese 682Gliese 682 or GJ 682 is a red dwarf. It is listed as the 53rd-nearest known star system to
- Gliese 710Star in the constellation Serpens
- Gliese 758Star in the constellation Lyra
- Gliese 876Star in the constellation Aquarius
- Gliese 876 dGliese 876 d is an exoplanet 15.2 light-years (4.7 parsecs) away in the constellation of A
- Gliese 877Gliese 877 (GJ 877 / HIP 113229 / LHS 531) is a red dwarf located in the southern constell
- Gliese Catalogue of Nearby StarsStar catalogue
- Global Oscillations Network GroupGlobal network of identical telescopes
- Globular clusterSpherical collection of stars
- Gloria DubnerArgentina astrophysicist (born 1950)
- GN-z11High-redshift galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
- GnomonPart of a sundial that casts a shadow
- Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA research facility in Maryland
- Goddard, MarylandGoddard is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place (CDP) in Prince
- Goethe BasinGoethe Basin is an impact basin at 81.4° N, 54.3° W on Mercury approximately 317 kilometer
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical SocietyAward
- Golden hour (photography)First and last hour of sunlight during the day
- Gonggong (dwarf planet)Dwarf planet in the scattered-disc
- Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationThe Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation is an American foundation established by Intel co-fo
- Gordon Dean HolmanAmerican astrophysicist, NASA scientist
- Gordon Myers Amateur Achievement AwardThe Gordon Myers Amateur Achievement Award, known until 2018 as the Amateur Achievement Aw
- Gottfried KirchGottfried Kirch (German: ; also Kirche , Kirkius; 18 December 1639 – 25 July 1710) was a G
- Gould BeltRing of stars in the Milky Way galaxy
- GPHS-RTGGPHS-RTG or general-purpose heat source — radioisotope thermoelectric generator, is a spec
- GQ LupiStar in the constellation of Lupus
- Graham E. BellGraham E. Bell is an American amateur astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets.
- Gran Telescopio CanariasOptical telescope on La Palma, Spain
- Grand design spiral galaxySpiral galaxy with prominent and well-defined spiral arms
- Grand tack hypothesisTheory of early changes in Jupiter's orbit
- Grand unification epochExtremely short period of the early universe
- Graveyard orbitSpacecraft end-of-life orbit
- Gravitation of the MoonThe acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is approximately 1.625 m/s2, ab
- Gravitational accelerationChange in speed due only to gravity
- Gravitational binding energyMinimum energy to remove a system from a gravitationally bound state
- Gravitational collapseContraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its gravity
- Gravitational keyholeRegion of planetary space resulting in a future collision if traversed by an asteroid
- Gravitational lensLight bending by mass between source and observer
- Gravitational lensing formalismConcept in physics
- Gravitational wave backgroundRandom background of gravitational waves permeating the Universe
- Gravitational-wave astronomyBranch of astronomy using gravitational waves
- Gravity assistSpace navigation technique
- GRB 000131GRB in the constellation Carina
- GRB 011211Gamma-ray burst event detected December 11, 2001
- GRB 020813Supernova gamma-ray burst, detected in 2002
- GRB 030329Gamma-ray burst that definitely proved the connection between supernova and GRBs
- GRB 031203Gamma-ray burst
- GRB 050709Gamma-ray burst
- GRB 060218February 18, 2006 gamma-ray burst in the constellation Aries
- GRB 060614June 2006 Gamma-ray burst in the constellation Indus
- GRB 070714BHighly luminous gamma ray burst from a neutron star merger
- GRB 080319BGamma-ray burst in the constellation Boötes
- GRB 080913Supernova detected on September 13, 2008 in the constellation Eridanus
- GRB 080916CMost powerful gamma-ray burst ever recorded (1/15/21)
- GRB 090423Very distant gamma-ray burst detected in 2009
- GRB 101225AGamma-ray burst event of December 25, 2010
- GRB 150101BShort gamma-ray burst
- GRB 190114CNotable high energy gamma ray burst explosion
- GRB 221009ARecord-breaking gamma-ray burst
- GRB 230307AGamma ray burst from a neutron star merger outside their galaxy
- GRB 970228Gamma-ray burst detected on 28 Feb 1997, the first for which an afterglow was observed
- GRB 970508Gamma-ray burst detected on May 8, 1997
- GRB 990123Gamma-ray burst
- Great AttractorRegion of gravitational attraction in the local universe
- Great cometExceptionally bright comets
- Great Comet of 1680First comet discovered by telescope
- Great Comet of 1744Non-periodic comet
- Great Comet of 1843Kreutz sungrazer comet
- Great Comet of 1882Kreutz sungrazer comet
- Great conjunctionConjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn
- Great Dark SpotLarge storm in Neptune's atmosphere
- Great Debate (astronomy)1920 debate between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis on whether there were other galaxies
- Great FilterHypothesis of barriers to forming interstellar civilizations
- Great January Comet of 1910Non-periodic comet
- Great Observatories Origins Deep SurveyAstronomical survey that combines observations from 3 great NASA observatories
- Great Observatories programSeries of NASA satellites
- Great Red SpotPersistent storm in Jupiter's atmosphere
- Great refractorLarge telescope with a lens
- Great Rift (astronomy)Interstellar clouds of cosmic dust
- Great Scott (lunar sample)Lunar Sample 15555, better known as "Great Scott", is a lunar sample discovered and collec
- Green Bank InterferometerThe Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) is a former radio astronomy telescope located at Green
- Green Bank ObservatoryAmerican astronomical observatory
- Green bean galaxyVery rare astronomical objects that are thought to be quasar ionization echos
- GreenwichTown in south-east London, United Kingdom
- Greenwich 28-inch refractorTelescope at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England
- Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limitTheoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic ray protons
- Griffith ObservatoryObservatory in Los Angeles, California
- Groombridge 1618Star in the constellation Ursa Major
- Groundwater on MarsWater held in permeable ground
- GRS 1915+105Binary system in the constellation Aquila
- Grubb ParsonsHistoric manufacturer of telescopes
- Gruber Prize in CosmologyAward
- Grus (constellation)Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Guide starReference star used by telescopes for tracking purposes
- Guide Star CatalogCatalog of stars
- Guillermo Gonzalez (astronomer)Cuban astrophysicist (born 1963)
- Gunn–Peterson troughFeature of the spectra of quasars
- Gusev (Martian crater)Crater on Mars
- Guy LowellGuy Lowell (August 6, 1870 – February 4, 1927), was an American architect and landscape ar
- GW170817Gravitational-wave signal detected in 2017
- GY AndromedaeVariable star in the constellation Andromeda
- GyrochronologyMethod of estimating a stars age from its rotation period
