Coleorrhyncha
Suborder of true bugs
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Through Phylogenetics
Three other major families have been established on the basis of fossils: Progonocimicidae (Late Permian to Late Cretaceous) Karabasiidae (Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) and Hoploridiidae (Early Cretaceous), which have been found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The oldest member of Coleorrhyncha is Permoridium from the early Permian (Asselian to early Sakmarian ~290-300 million years ago) of Germany, which appears to be more closely related to Peloridiidae than to any of the extinct families. The Coleorrhyncha were earlier included within the "Homoptera" but based on studies of their morphological similarities as well as molecular phylogeny are now considered as a sister group of the Heteroptera.
The fossil family Progonocimicidae was formerly considered as early Heteroptera or survivors from a stem group of Heteropteroides but based on morphology, Popov called them an ancestral sub-group of the Coleorrhyncha, and this has been followed by subsequent authors.
Other reading
- Hoch, H. (2006). "Vibrational signalling in a Gondwanan relict insect (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae)". Biology Letters. 2 (2): 222–224. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0451. PMC 1618915. PMID 17148367.
- Myers, John Golding; China, William Edward (1929). "The systematic position of the Peloridiidae as elucidated by a further study of the external anatomy of Hemiodoecus leadi China". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 105 (3): 282–294. doi:10.1080/00222932908672971.
- Popov, Yu A.; Shcherbakov, Dmitry E. (1996). "Origin and evolution of the Coleorrhyncha as shown by the fossil record". In Schaefer, Carl W. (ed.). Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny. Lanham, Maryland: Entomological Society of America. pp. 9–30. ISBN 978-0-938522-54-6.
- Shcherbakov, Dmitry E. (2005). "Fossils versus molecules and cladistics: controversies over the Hemiptera phylogeny". 12th International Auchenorrhyncha Congress, Berkeley, Volume 7.
- Wang, Bo; Szwedo, Jacek; Zhang, HaiChun (2009). "Jurassic Progonocimicidae (Hemiptera) from China and phylogenetic evolution of Coleorrhyncha" (PDF). Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 52 (12): 1953–1961. Bibcode:2009ScChD..52.1953W. doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0160-6. S2CID 131691517. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2013.