Decommodification

In regard to the labor force, decommodification describes a "degree to which individuals, or families, can uphold a socially acceptable standard of living independently of market participation".

While commodification is the transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade, decommodification in employment terms means the "extent that workers can leave the labor market through choice". The term "decommodification" has also been applied to the processes through which goods and services can be made available commercially without entailing the "commodification" of the workforce which produces or provides them.

Contemporary research

Gender inequality

The idea of decommodification as an egalitarian concept as set forth by Gøsta Esping-Andersen sparked contemporary research efforts focusing on perceived inequities. In 2008, a research journal pointed out a feminist critique that "the absolute focus on the welfare of individuals who are already working" leaves a central bias in the pursuit of decommodification. Rather, the objective of women is often to be commodified in the first place so that they can enter the labor market.

Environmental impact

Decommodification has been identified by ecological economists as a strategy for sustainable consumption that acts one level up on the institutional context of consumption in Western societies as compared to strategies such as eco-efficiency and eco-sufficiency. Thus, while the eco-efficiency strategy targets the product and the eco-sufficiency strategy targets the person (the consumer as decision-maker), the decommodification strategy targets the institutional context in which consumption takes place. It aims to decrease the influence of commodities and to limit the effect of commercialization.

Social democracy paradox

Esping-Andersen's fundamental study of decommodification sparked contemporary academic research efforts hoping to resolve "paradoxes" in this application. Exiting the labor market with little or no loss of income clashed with the idea that social democracy has the goal of high labor force participation. Research efforts to resolve this paradox showed that "employment impeding policies" came out of Christian democracy institutions, not social democracy institutions. This research suggests that decommodification in the social democratic model is viable.