Deformity

Mortality

In many cases where a major deformity is present at birth, it is the result of an underlying condition severe enough that the baby does not survive very long. The mortality of severely deformed births may be due to a range of complications including missing or non-functioning vital organs, structural defects that prevent necessary function, high susceptibility to injuries, abnormal facial appearance, or infections that eventually lead to death.

In some cases, such as that of twins, one fetus is brought to term healthy, while the other faces major, even life-threatening defects. An example of this is seen in cattle, referred to as amorphous globosus.

Deformities with mortality (Incompatible with life):

Neural tube defects:

• Anencephaly
• Iniencephaly
• Craniorachischisis

Congenital limb defects:

• Phocomelia (50% chance of death in some infants due to severe Thalidomide exposure)
• Sirenomelia
• Limb body wall complex
• Thanatophoric dysplasia
• Achondrogenesis
• Tetra-amelia syndrome (Genetic form)

Facial deformities:

• Cyclopia
• Otocephaly
• Acrofacial dysostosis, Rodriguez type

Twinning:

• TRAP Sequence (Depending on the size of the acardiac twin is the risk of death of the pump twin)
• Cephalothoracopagus
• Parasitic twin (Parasite)

Genetic disorders:

• Aneuploidies (Trisomy 13, 16, 18, Monosomy 14)
• Triploidy
• Harlequin ichthyosis
• Schinzel-Giedion syndrome
• Raine syndrome
• Pfeiffer syndrome (Type 3 or most frequently, 2)
• Melnick-Needles syndrome in males
• Hydrolethalus syndrome
• Fryns syndrome
• Meckel-Gruber syndrome

In mythology

There are many instances of mythological characters showing signs of a deformity.

• Descriptions of mermaids may be related to the symptoms of sirenomelia.
• The Irish mythology includes the Fomorians, who are almost without exception described as being deformed, possessing only one of what most have two (eyes, arms, legs, etc.) or having larger than normal limbs.
• Hephaestus, of Greek Mythology, was born with a club foot.