Deoxyribonuclease II

The action of DNase occurs in three phases. The initial phase introduces multiple nicks in the phosphodiester backbone. The second phase produces acid-soluble nucleotides. The third phase, which is the terminal phase, consists of hyperchromic shift resulting from reduction of oligonucleotides.

There are several known DNases II, including:

• DNase II alpha (usually known as DNase II), which is thought to be ubiquitously expressed in human tissue. It has been shown that a mutation in this enzyme of mice leads to DNA degradation by apoptosis.
• DNase II beta (also called DLAD, or DNase II-Like Acid DNase), which is mainly expressed in the eye lens and salivary glands. One of its functions is to clear DNA from eye lens. Low levels have also been detected in the lung, prostate and lymph nodes. Deficiency of this enzyme in mice lead to the development of cataracts.