Energy in Europe
Overview of energy production, consumption, and policy in Europe
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Europe's energy system is changing as renewable energy expands, energy efficiency improves and more uses of energy are electrified. In the EU, renewables accounted for 26.2% of gross final energy consumption in 2025 and 47.3% of electricity generation. Energy security has also become a major focus since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Under the REPowerEU plan, launched in 2022, the EU has sought to diversify energy supplies, reduce energy demand, accelerate renewable deployment and reduce its dependence on Russian energy. Russia's share of EU natural-gas imports fell from 45% in 2021 to 12% in 2025.
Primary energy consumption by country
Source: Energy Institute
Primary energy consumption per capita
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh primary energy, includes energy losses
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Oil
Oil is one of the largest primary energy sources in Europe. It is mostly used for transportation and heating. Oil production is relatively low in Europe, with significant production only in the North Sea. Most of Europe's oil comes from imports (about 90% for the EU28).
Fossil gas
Fossil gas tends to be supplied from north and south Europe.
Electricity
Renewable energy
The twelve newer EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe planned to increase wind power capacity from the 6.4 gigawatts installed at the end of 2012 to 16 gigawatts by 2020.
If renewable electricity production in the EU continued to grow at the same rate as it did from 2005 to 2010, it would account for 36.4% of electricity in 2020 and 51.6% in 2030, following:
In March 2022, the European Commission released its comprehensive "REPowerEU" plan to promote renewable energy in Europe.