Hiss (electromagnetic)
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Through Electromagnetism, Electromagnetic radiation and Ionosphere
Varieties
Hiss may be observed in any of several varieties depending on local time and L-shell of the observer:
- Plasmaspheric hiss is generally observed within the plasmasphere, peaking in frequency slightly below ~1 kHz and rarely exceeding 3 kHz.
- Exo-hiss and ELF hiss are two varieties of hiss observed outside of the plasmasphere, both having a spectrum similar to that of plasmaspheric hiss.
- Midlatitude hiss is generally observed outside of the plasmasphere and tends to have frequencies between 2 and 10 kHz.
- Auroral hiss is observed in the auroral zones of the Earth and can extend up to several hundred kHz.
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Generation mechanisms
There are several proposed generation mechanisms for plasmaspheric hiss in particular, including:
- Generation from discrete chorus emissions
- Generation via electromagnetic impulses from terrestrial lightning, specifically via lightning-generated whistlers
- Generation through coherent nonlinear interaction with energetic electrons near the equatorial plasmasphere
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