Interacting boson model
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Through Nuclear physics, Proton and Neutron
It is sometimes known as the Interacting boson approximation (IBA).
The IBM1/IBM-I model treats both types of nucleons the same and considers only pairs of nucleons coupled to total angular momentum 0 and 2, called respectively, s and d bosons.
The IBM2/IBM-II model treats protons and neutrons separately.
Both models are restricted to nuclei with even numbers of protons and neutrons.
The model can be used to predict vibrational and rotational modes of non-spherical nuclei.
History
This model was invented by Akito Arima and Francesco Iachello in 1974. while working at the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut(KVI) in Groningen, Netherlands. KVI is now property of Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen (https://umcgresearch.org/).