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Leaders of the Russian Civil War

Leaders of a Multi-Party Civil War in the former Russian Empire

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Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third-party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often. For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of Anton Denikin in South Russia, while the members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party frequently cooperated with the White Army. A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I (in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War), and their German (in Ober Ost) and Austro-Hungarian opponents. In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the Russian Empire, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White armies on occasion.

Bolsheviks

Russian SFSR

Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets
Lev Kamenev
Yakov Sverdlov #
Mikhail Vladimirsky
Mikhail Kalinin

Council of People's Commissars
Vladimir Lenin

All-Russian Extraordinary Commission
Felix Dzerzhinsky
Jēkabs Peterss

Red Army
Leon Trotsky
(People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs)
High Command:
Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
Nikolai Podvoisky
Pavel Dybenko
Nikolai Krylenko
Jukums Vācietis
Sergey Kamenev
Alexander Svechin
Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich
Nikolay Rattel
Navy:
Vasili Altfater #
Yevgeny Berens
Aleksandr Nemits
Eduard Pantserzhanskiy
Fyodor Raskolnikov
Alexey Schastny
Air Service:
Konstantin Akashev
1st Cavalry Army:
Semyon Budyonny
Alexander Yegorov
Kliment Voroshilov
Iosif Apanasenko
Grigory Kulik
Alexander Parkhomenko †
Boris Dumenko
Konstantin Trunov †
Aleksa Dundić †
Semyon Timoshenko
Ivan Tyulenev
Efim Shchadenko
2nd Cavalry Army:
Oka Gorodovikov
Filipp Mironov
Aleksandr Borczaninow
Western Army:
Andrei Snesarev
Alexander Novikov
Vasily Glagolev
Nikolai Sollogub
Alexander Kuk
Yevgeny Shilovskiy
Latvian Riflemen:
Pēteris Stučka
Frīdrihs Kalniņš
Jānis Lācis
Reinholds Bērziņš
Antons Martusēvičs
Kirill Stutzka
Gustavs Mangulis
Eduard Berzin
Jānis Judiņš †
Red Cossacks:
Vitaly Primakov
Eastern Front:
Mikhail Muravyov †
Mikhail Tukhachevsky
Alexander Samoylo
Vladimir Olderogge
Rudolf Sivers †
Sergey Lazo
Yakov Tryapitsyn
Pavel Lebedev
Hayk Bzhishkyan
Vasily Chapayev †
Ivan Kutyakov
Yakov Korotayev
Sergei Mezheninov
Yan Gamarnik
Ivar Smilga
Ivan Smirnov
Sergey Gusev
Filipp Goloshchyokin
Mikhail Alafuso
Ivan Strod
Pavel Khokhryakov †
Mullanur Waxitov
Southern Front:
Joseph Stalin
Mikhail Levandovsky
Vladimir Yegoryev
Vladimir Gittis
Vladimir Azin
Pavel Sytin
Pēteris Slavens #
Vladimir Selivachyov #
Semyon Pugachov
Fyodor Podtelkov
Iona Yakir
Ivan Fedko
Dmitry Zhloba
Nikolay Kuibyshev
Mikhail Lashevich
Béla Kun
Caucasus Front:
Sergo Ordzhonikidze
Stepan Shaumian
Grigory Korganov
Ivan Sorokin
Alexei Avtonomov #
Anatoliy Gekker
Valentin Trifonov
Mikhail Velikanov
Filipp Makharadze
Sergei Kirov
Nariman Narimanov
Northern Front:
Dmitry Nadyozhny
August Kork
Dmitri Parsky #
Semyon Nakhimson †
Robert Brichenok
Yuri Guzarsky
Ukrainian Front:
Nikolay Shchors †
Ivan Dubovoy
Stanislav Kosior
Grigory Kotovsky
Nikolai Krivoruchko
Anton Słucki
Boris Shaposhnikov
Central Asian Front:
Mikhail Frunze
Grigori Sokolnikov
Vasily Shorin
Pyotr Kobozev
Ivan Belov
Alibi Dzhangildin
Amankeldı İmanov
Fyodor Kolesov
Shalva Eliava
Fayzulla Khodzhayev

Far Eastern Republic

Alexander Krasnoshchyokov
Nikolay Matveyev
Genrich Eiche
Vasily Blyukher
Konstantin Avksentevsky
Ieronim Uborevich
Stepan Vostretsov
Yakiv Pokus

Ukrainian SSR

Yukhym Medvedev
Volodymyr Zatonsky
Grigory Petrovsky
Georgy Pyatakov
Serafima Hopner
Emanuel Kviring
Yevgenia Bosch
Mykola Skrypnyk
Christian Rakovsky
Vasyl Shakhrai
Yuriy Kotsiubynsky
Fyodor Sergeyev †

Byelorussian SSR

Vilhelm Knorin
Alexander Chervyakov

Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic

Kullervo Manner
Yrjö Sirola
Ali Aaltonen
Eero Haapalainen
Evert Eloranta
Adolf Taimi
Eino Rahja
August Wesley
Mikhail Svechnikov
Georgy Bulatsel

Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

Damdin Sükhbaatar
Soliin Danzan
Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj
Dambyn Chagdarjav
Dogsomyn Bodoo
Khorloogiin Choibalsan
Dansranbilegiin Dogsom
Darizavyn Losol
Rinchingiin Elbegdorj

Persian Socialist Soviet Republic

Mirza Kuchik Khan
Ehsanollah Khan Dustdar


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