Liberalism in Brazil
Overview of liberalism in Brazil
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Three parties in Brazil identify themselves as liberal, but the Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal) is conservative and a member of the International Democrat Union. The right-leaning Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) could be classified as a conservative-liberal party. The centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro) occupies a liberal position on the political spectrum.
Left-wing liberalism
Left-wing liberal movements in Brazil include some centrist parties and organizations rooted in socialism in the past, including Cidadania and Livres.
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The timeline
Liberal Party (1831)
- 1831: In resistance to the imperial regime, liberals formed the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) in 1831, loosely connected to the urban petty bourgeoisie. It became the leading progressive party during the monarchy.
- 1863: A left wing faction formed the Progressive Party.
- 1868: The Progressive Party reunited with the party.
- 1869: A left wing faction formed the New Liberal Party.
- 1882: A new Progressive Party is formed.
- 1889: After the fall of the monarchy, the party vanished.
Progressive Party (1863)
- 1863: A left wing faction of the Liberal Party formed the Progressive Party (Partido Progressista).
- 1868: The party reunited with the Liberal Party.
New Liberal Party
- 1869: A left wing faction of the Liberal Party formed the New Liberal Party, led by Joaquím Nabuco.
Progressive Party (1882)
- 1882: A left wing faction of the Liberal Party formed the Progressive Party (Partido Progressista).
- 1889: After the fall of the monarchy, the party disappeared.
Republican Party
- 1870: The Republican Party (Partido Republicano), a party of the urban middle class, was formed.
- 1889: After the fall of the monarchy, the party disappeared.
Liberal Alliance
- 1930: The liberal bourgeoisie formed the Liberal Alliance (Aliança Liberal), led by Getúlio Vargas. After he lost the 1930 election, the party came to power in a revolution.
- 1934: When Vargas established an authoritarian regime in 1934, the party fell apart.
Brazilian Democratic Movement
- 1966: The military government allowed the formation of a democratic opposition party in a bi-partisan system, the Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro). Liberals were united with social democrats, socialists and right-leaning opponents of the rightist military government. The party was led by Oscar Passos, Pedroso Horta (since 1970) and Ulysses Guimarães.
- 1979: The party was reorganized into the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, PMDB).
- 1981: The Popular Party merged into the PMDB.
- 1988: The Brazilian Social Democracy Party seceded from the Brazilian Democratic Movement.
Popular Party
- 1980: A liberal faction of the National Renewal Alliance established the liberal Popular Party (Partido Popular), led by Tancredo de Almeida Neves.
- 1981: The Popular Party merged into the Brazilian Democratic Movement.
Liberal Front Party
- 1985: The center-right Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal) was formed by a secession from the Democratic Social Party.
- 2007: PFL changed its name to the Democrats (Democratas).
Liberal Party (1985)
- 1985: The center-right Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) was formed.
Libertarians
- 2005: The Libertarians (Libertários) party was formed as a libertarian party with some classic liberal members. The Libertarians have no electoral register and cannot participate in elections.
New Party
- 2011: The New Party (Partido Novo) was formed.
MBL
- 2014: The Free Brazil Movement (Movimento Brasil Livre) was founded.
Livres
- 2016: The Free movement (Livres) was founded.
Liberal leaders
- Joaquim Nabuco
- Tancredo Neves
- Ulysses Guimarães
- Rui Barbosa
- Roberto Campos
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