Lyman Spitzer

Mountaineering

In 1965, Spitzer and Donald Morton became the first to climb Mount Thor 1,675 m (5,495 ft), located in Auyuittuq National Park, on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. As a member of the American Alpine Club, Spitzer established the "Lyman Spitzer Cutting Edge Climbing Award" (Now called the "Cutting Edge Grant") which gives $12,000 to several mountain climbing expeditions annually.

Science

Spitzer's brief time as a faculty member at Yale was interrupted by his wartime work on the development of sonar. In 1947, at the age of 33, he succeeded Russell as director of Princeton University Observatory, an institution that, virtually jointly with his contemporary and friend Martin Schwarzschild, he continued to head until 1979.

Spitzer's research centered on the interstellar medium, to which he brought a deep understanding of plasma physics. In the 1930s and 1940s, he was among the first to recognize star formation as an ongoing contemporary process. His monographs, "Diffuse Matter in Space" (1968) and "Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium" (1978) consolidated decades of work, and themselves became the standard texts for some decades more.

In 1951, Spitzer invented the stellarator and proposed its development to the Atomic Energy Commission. The AEC accepted the proposal and this led to the creation of Project Matterhorn S in association with Princeton University. Spitzer was its founding director. In 1961 it was renamed as Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Under his leadership it built several stellarators, culminating in the world's largest stellarator Model C in 1962. In 1967 Spitzer returned fully to astrophysics, and in 1970 the Model C was converted to the Symmetrical Tokamak.

Spitzer was an early proponent of space optical astronomy in general. He was involved in the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory launched by NASA in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This project ultimately led to the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

In 1981, Spitzer became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.

Death

Spitzer died suddenly on March 31, 1997, after completing a regular day of work at Princeton University. He was buried at Princeton Cemetery and was survived by wife Doreen Canaday Spitzer (1914-2010), four children, and ten grandchildren. Among Spitzer's four children is neurobiologist Nicholas C. Spitzer, who is currently professor and vice chair in neurobiology at UC San Diego.

Honors

Awards

• Fellow of the American Physical Society (1941)
• Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1952)
• Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1953)
• Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1953)
• Member of the American Philosophical Society (1959)
• Bruce Medal (1973)
• Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1974)
• James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics (1975)
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1978)
• National Medal of Science (1979)
• Franklin Medal (1980)
• Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France (French Astronomical Society) (1980)
• Crafoord Prize (1985)

Named after him

• Asteroid 2160 Spitzer
• Spitzer Space Telescope
• Lyman Spitzer Library in Davenport College, Yale University
• Lyman Spitzer Building at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton, NJ
• Lyman Spitzer Planetarium at the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in St. Johnsbury, VT
• Answer to the final question on NTN Buzztime's Showdown on September 16, 2008.
• Spitzer Building in Toledo, Ohio.
• Landau-Spitzer Award (American Physical Society)