Lymphocytosis
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Causes
Lymphocytosis is a feature of infection, particularly in children. In the elderly, lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphomas, often present with lymphadenopathy and a lymphocytosis.
Causes of absolute lymphocytosis include:
- acute viral infections, such as infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever), hepatitis and cytomegalovirus infection
- other acute infections such as pertussis
- some protozoal infections, such as toxoplasmosis and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
- chronic intracellular bacterial infections such as tuberculosis or brucellosis
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- lymphoma
- post-splenectomy state
- CARD11-related congenital B cell lymphocytosis (rare, also known as BENTA disease)
Causes of relative lymphocytosis include:
- age less than 2 years;
- acute viral infections;
- connective tissue diseases,
- thyrotoxicosis,
- Addison's disease,
- splenomegaly with splenic sequestration of granulocytes.
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Diagnosis
Lymphocytosis is usually detected when a complete blood count is obtained. If not provided the lymphocyte count can be calculated by multiplying the total white blood cell (WBC) count by the percentage of lymphocytes found in the differential count. The lymphocyte count can also be directly measured by flow cytometry.
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