Market anarchism

Variations

Anarcho-capitalism

Anarcho-capitalism is the most prominent view in market anarchism; it was developed primarily by Murray Rothbard, who combined the Austrian School economics of Ludwig von Mises with a natural-rights framework of self-ownership, drawing from 19th-century individualist anarchists. Rothbard considers the state, an institution funded by compulsory taxation and claiming a coercive monopoly on law and defense, inherently illegitimate, stating;

"The State is an inherently illegitimate institution of organized aggression, of organized and regularized crime against the persons and properties of its subjects… a profoundly antisocial institution which lives parasitically off of the productive activities of private citizens."

Mutualism and left-wing market anarchism

Mutualism is associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon; it retains a modified version of the labor theory of value, claiming that prices tend toward the cost of labor under genuine free competition. However, the subjective value and time preference following the Austrian tradition are not outrightly rejected.

This had a significant influence on the formation of Individualist anarchism in the United States, such as that of Benjamin Tucker, and after that, left-wing market anarchism also emerged in related to Kevin Carson, Gary Chartier, Roderick Long, etc.

Agorism

Agorism, proposed by Canadian-American anarchist Samuel Edward Konkin III, is associated with left-libertarianism; it draws heavily from Austrian economics and rejects anarcho-capitalism's association with big business. Instead, it advocates counter-economics—building black- and grey-market voluntary exchanges outside the state control as a strategy for peacefully dissolving the state.