_sulfide.jpg){kind=link}
Related on Lably
Through Sulfur, Chemical formula and Optical rotation
Crystal structure
HgS is trimorphic, having three crystal forms:
- Red cinnabar (α-HgS) is the form in which mercury is most commonly found in nature. Cinnabar has a rhombohedral crystal system. Crystals of α-HgS are optically active. This is caused by helices in the structure.
- Black metacinnabar (β-HgS) is less common in nature and adopts the zinc blende crystal structure (T2d-F43m).
- The higher temperature hypercinnabar (hexagonal structure).
Sign in to keep reading
2 more chapters are free with a Lably account.
Preparation and chemistry
β-HgS precipitates as a black solid when Hg(II) salts are treated with H2S. The reaction is conveniently conducted with an acetic acid solution of mercury(II) acetate. With gentle heating of the slurry, the black polymorph converts to the red form. β-HgS is unreactive to all but concentrated acids.
Mercury is produced from the cinnabar ore by roasting in air and condensing the vapour.
- HgS → Hg + S
Uses
When α-HgS is used as a red pigment, it is known as cinnabar. The tendency of cinnabar to darken has been ascribed to conversion from red α-HgS to black β-HgS. However β-HgS was not detected at excavations in Pompeii, where originally red walls darkened, and was attributed to the formation of Hg-Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite) and calcium sulfate, gypsum.
As the mercury cell as used in the chlor-alkali industry (Castner–Kellner process) is being phased out over concerns over mercury emissions, the metallic mercury from these setups is converted into mercury sulfide for underground storage.
It has been studied for use in photoelectrochemical cells.