New Caledonian languages
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The Cèmuhî, Paicî, Drubea, Numèè, and Kwenyii languages are tonal.
Other than phonemically contrastive tone, typological features in New Caledonian languages that are typically unusual for Oceanic languages include nasalized vowels, very large vowel inventories, retroflex consonants, and voiceless nasals.
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Languages
- Loyalty Islands
- Drehu (Lifou Island)
- Iaai (Ouvéa Island)
- Nengone (Maré Island)
- Mainland New Caledonian
- Southern New Caledonian
- Extreme Southern
- Ndrumbea (vulnerable)
- Numèè
- Mid-Southern
- Xârâcùù–Xârâgurè:
- Xârâcùù
- Xârâgurè (endangered)
- Zire–Tîrî:
- Tîrî (endangered)
- Zire †
- Wailic
- Ajië
- Arhâ (severely endangered)
- Arhö (critically endangered)
- Neku (severely endangered)
- Orowe (endangered)
- Xârâcùù–Xârâgurè:
- Extreme Southern
- Northern New Caledonian
- Haeke*
- Haveke*
- Vamale*
- Central Northern
- Cèmuhî
- Paicî
- North Northern
- Pwaamei (endangered)
- Pwapwa (severely endangered)
- Bwatoo
- Hmwaveke
- Waamwang
- Fwâi
- Jawe (vulnerable)
- Nemi (vulnerable)
- Pije (severely endangered)
- Extreme Northern
- Caac (vulnerable)
- Kumak (vulnerable)
- Nyâlayu
- Yuanga
- Southern New Caledonian
The languages of the northern Voh–Koné area (*) are often discussed as a unit.