NOD2
Protein-coding gene in humans
- 1 min read
- 4 chapters
Related on Lably
Through Protein, Gene and Immune system
NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants and recognizes molecules containing the specific structure called muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is found in certain bacteria.
Structure
The C-terminal portion of the protein contains a leucine-rich repeat domain that is known to play a role in protein–protein interactions. The middle part of the protein is characterized by a NOD domain involved in protein self-oligomerization. The N-terminal portion contains two CARD domains known to play a role in apoptosis and NF-κB activation pathways.
Sign in to keep reading
3 more chapters are free with a Lably account.
Function
This gene is a member of the NOD1/Apaf-1 family (also known as NOD-like receptor family) and encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) and eleven leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The protein is primarily expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes. It plays a role in the immune response by recognizing the bacterial molecules which possess the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) moiety and activating the NF-κB protein.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been associated with serious autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease, Blau syndrome, pulmonary sarcoidosis and Graft-versus-host disease.
Loss of function mutations of NOD2 have been associated with better response to cancer therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade.
Interactions
NOD2 has been shown to interact with NLRC4.
NOD2 has also been shown to bind to MAVS in response to ssRNA or viral RNA treatment and activate the IFN response. This is the first report of NOD2 acting as a pattern-recognition receptor for viruses.