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Non-structured programming

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Unstructured programming has been heavily criticized for producing hardly readable ("spaghetti") code.

There are both high- and low-level programming languages that use non-structured programming. Some languages commonly cited as being non-structured include JOSS, FOCAL, TELCOMP, assembly languages, MS-DOS batch files, and early versions of BASIC, Fortran, COBOL, and MUMPS.

Features and typical concepts

Basic concepts

A program in a non-structured language uses unstructured jumps to labels or instruction addresses. The lines are usually numbered or may have labels: this allows the flow of execution to jump to any line in the program. This is in contrast to structured programming which uses sequential constructs of statements, selection (if/then/else) and repetition (while and for).

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