Qutlugh-Khanids

It was founded by Buraq Hajib, who emigrated from the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) during the collapse of the realm. Originally an independent entity, the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty subsequently ruled as vassals of the Khwarazmian Empire, the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate. The dynasty was removed from power by the Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü, who appointed Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Burhan as governor of Kirman.

Later Western Liao

Although there was no mention of a dynasty called the "Later Western Liao" (后西辽) in traditional Chinese scholarship, historian Wang Zhilai wrote a paper On the Later Western Liao (关于"后西辽") in 1983, where he proposed to call the Qutlugh-Khanids the "Later Western Liao", thereby positioning the dynasty as an extension of the Western Liao.

The region of Kerman was also settled by non-Muslim Mongol tribes, the Avḡāni and Jormāʾi, who had been granted autonomy by Abaqa Khan (ruled 1265–1282). They were later allies of the Muzaffarids and entered into marital alliances with them.