Ritual landscape

Features

In Britain and Ireland

In Britain, many ritual landscapes were gradually built around the two earliest classes of Neolithic communal monuments: long barrows and causewayed enclosures. For instance, the Avebury ritual site featured a giant, flat-topped barrow called Silbury Hill, which is considered the largest artificial mound in prehistoric Europe. The evidence of contemporary settlement within these landscapes is often sparse or absent altogether; conversely, non-utilitarian structures and artifacts are typically abundant. The Ring of Brodgar, part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney, as the World Heritage Site on Orkney, Scotland is called, is the other most famous site in Britain.

Ritual landscapes in Ireland—such as Brú na Bóinne (another WHS), Tara and Uisneach—include ancient tombs, stone circles, standing stones, enclosures, avenues, and natural features.

In Britain and Ireland, ritual landscapes went out of use relatively abruptly around 1500 BC and were replaced by smaller-scale shrines, which were often located near rivers, marshes, and springs. These smaller shrines usually feature offerings of food and metalwork and continued to be created and used into Roman and even Saxon times. Today they are often described as Celtic.

In other cultures

In other cultures, the ritual landscape is strongly influenced by the environment. This is demonstrated in the case of Tibet, the verticality of the environment dominated the constructions of the ritual landscape and features therein such as structures and tombs, which were built to resemble the mountains.