Sacra Consulta
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It interpreted laws and resolved administrative, jurisdictional and feudal questions such as vassals' appeals against their barons regarding their feudal obligations. It acted as a supreme court for disputes between cities and their governors, making it a forerunner of the modern Italian Council of State. Pope Clement XII (1730–40) built the palazzo della Consulta on the piazza del Quirinale as its headquarters, housing eight prelates, though the court actually held its sessions in the palazzo di Montecitorio or in rooms in the Palazzo apostolico.
It was suppressed in 1809 but revived in 1814 after the French released Pope Pius VII. In 1833 Pope Gregory XVI did not abolish the court when he abolished all the other competencies of the Secretariat of State. It finally ceased to operate on 20 September 1870 when the Papal States were abolished.
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List of prefects
Generally a cardinal nephew held the office of prefect, though there were two exceptions to this rule:
- Domenico Pinelli, made prefect by Gregory XIV in 1590
- Bonifazio Bevilacqua, appointed by Clement VIII in 1599.
Pope Alexander VII (1655–67) ended the cardinal nephews' influence on the Consulta. The other prefects were:
- Nicola Grimaldi † (1707 - 1716, died in office)
- Niccolò Maria Lercari (1724-1730), as Secretary of State
- Antonio Banchieri † (1730 - 1733, died in office)
- Silvio Valenti Gonzaga † (1740 - 1756, died in office)
- Alberico Archinto † (1756 - 1758, died in office)
- Ignazio Gaetano Boncompagni Ludovisi † (1775 - 1789, resigned)
- Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphilj † (1797 - 1799, resigned)
- Ercole Consalvi † (1800 - 1806, resigned)
- Tommaso Bernetti (1831-1836), as Secretary of State
- Mario Mattei † (1841 - 1848, resigned)