Signal transducing adaptor protein
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Through Protein
Signaling components
Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G-protein GTPases into short-lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor.
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Domains
Adaptor proteins usually contain several domains within their structure (e.g., Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains) that allow specific interactions with several other specific proteins. SH2 domains recognise specific amino acid sequences within proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues and SH3 domains recognise proline-rich sequences within specific peptide sequence contexts of proteins.
There are many other types of interaction domains found within adaptor and other signalling proteins that allow a rich diversity of specific and coordinated protein–protein interactions to occur within the cell during signal transduction.
Examples of adaptor proteins
Adaptor proteins include:
- BCAR3 – Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3
- CBL – Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma
- FRS2 – Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2
- GAB2 – GRB2-associated binding protein 2
- GRAP – GRB2-related adaptor protein
- GRAP2 – GRB2-related adaptor protein 2
- GRB2 – Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
- IRS1 – Insulin receptor substrate 1
- LDLRAP1 – low-density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1
- MYD88 - Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88
- NCDN - Neurochondrin
- NCK1 – NCK adaptor protein 1
- NCK2 – NCK adaptor protein 2
- NOS1AP – nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein
- PIK3AP1 – phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1
- SH2B1 – SH2B adaptor protein 1
- SH2B2 – SH2B adaptor protein 2
- SH2B3 – SH2B adaptor protein 3
- SH2D3A -SH2 domain containing 3A
- SH2D3C – SH2 domain containing 3C
- SNTA1 – Syntrophin, alpha 1
- SHB – Src homology 2 domain containing adaptor protein B
- SLC4A1AP – solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1, adaptor protein