Sodium orthovanadate
Chemical compound
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Through Chemical formula, Sodium and Oxygen
Synthesis and structure
Sodium orthovanadate is produced by dissolving vanadium(V) oxide in a solution of sodium hydroxide:
- V2O5 + 6 NaOH → 2 Na3VO4 + 3 H2O
The salt features tetrahedral VO43− anion centers linked to octahedral Na+ cation sites.
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Condensation equilibria
Like many oxometalates, orthovanadate is subject to a number of reactions, which have been analyzed by 51V NMR studies. At high pH, VO43− ions exist in equilibrium with HVO42−. At lower pH's, condensation ensues to give various polyoxovanadates. Ultimately, decavanadate is formed.
Biochemistry
Vanadates exhibit a variety of biological activities, in part because they serve as structural mimics of phosphates. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of ATPases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and protein-phosphotyrosine phosphatases, and its inhibitory effects can be reversed by dilution or the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
Orthovanadate is activated by boiling and adjusting pH to ~10; this depolymerizes decavanadate into the active inhibitor, monovanadate.