Suasoria
Exercise in rhetoric
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Related on Lably
Through Roman Empire
Origin
The formal introduction of suasoria as a school form is unknown. One of the earliest forms of this exercise, however, involved Cicero's practice of philosophical theses, which were addressed to the self. The exercise became prevalent in ancient Rome, where it was, with the controversia, the final stage of a course in rhetoric at an academy. One famous instance was recalled by Juvenal in the first of his Satires:
Et nos ergo manum ferulæ subduximus: et nos
Consilium dedimus Syllæ privatus ut altum
Dormiret. Stulta est clementia cum tot ubique
Vatibus occurras perituræ parcere chartæ.
I too have felt the master's cane upon my hand. I too
have given Sulla advice to retire into a deep
sleep. No point in sparing paper which is doomed to
destruction as you meet all those 'bards' everywhere.
Here Juvenal recalls his speech advising the dictator Sulla to retire. Another Roman poet who recalled enjoying his suasoria was Ovid.
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Surviving examples
A book of suasoriae survives from antiquity, recorded in Suasoria by Seneca the Elder. He writes responses and analysis of responses on seven suasoriae:
- Alexander debates whether to sail the ocean,
- The three hundred Spartans sent against Xerxes deliberate whether they too should retreat following the flight of the contingents of three hundred sent from all over Greece,
- Agamemnon deliberates whether to sacrifice Iphigenia for Calcas says otherwise sailing is impermissible,
- Alexander the Great warned of danger by an augur deliberates whether to enter Babylon,
- Xerxes has threatened to return unless the trophies of the Persian War are removed: the Athenians deliberate whether to do so,
- Cicero deliberates whether to beg Antony's pardon, and
- Antony promises to spare Cicero's life if he burns his writings: Cicero deliberates whether to do so.

