Therblig
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Through Mathematical optimization and Time and motion study
The word therblig was the creation of Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth, American industrial psychologists who invented the field of time and motion study. It is a reversal of the name Gilbreth, with 'th' transposed.
Elements
A basic motion element is one of a set of fundamental motions used by a worker to perform a manual operation or task. The set consists of 18 elements, each describing one activity.
- Transport empty [unloaded] (TE): receiving an object with an empty hand. (Now called "Reach".)
- Grasp (G): grasping an object with the active hand.
- Transport loaded (TL): moving an object using a hand motion.
- Hold (H): holding an object.
- Release load (RL): releasing control of an object.
- Pre-position (PP): positioning and/or orienting an object for the next operation and relative to an approximation location.
- Position (P): positioning and/or orienting an object in the defined location.
- Use (U): manipulating a tool in the intended way during the course of working.
- Assemble (A): joining two parts together.
- Disassemble (DA): separating multiple components that were joined.
- Search (Sh): attempting to find an object using the eyes and hands.
- Select (St): Choosing among several objects in a group.
- Plan (Pn): deciding on a course of action.
- Inspect (I): determining the quality or the characteristics of an object using the eyes and/or other senses.
- Unavoidable delay (UD): waiting due to factors beyond the worker's control and included in the work cycle.
- Avoidable delay (AD): pausing for reasons under the worker's control that is not part of the regular work cycle.
- Rest (R): resting to overcome a fatigue, consisting of a pause in the motions of the hands and/or body during the work cycles or between them.
- Find (F): A momentary mental reaction at the end of the Search cycle. Seldom used.
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Effective and ineffective basic motion elements
Sample usage
Here is an example of how therbligs can be used to analyze motion:
...Suppose a man goes into a bathroom and shave[s]. We'll assume that his face is all lathered and that he is ready to pick up his razor. He knows where the razor is, but first he must locate it with his eye. That is "search", the first Therblig. His eye finds it and comes to rest—that's "find", the second Therblig. Third comes "select", the process of sliding the razor prior to the fourth Therblig, "grasp". Fifth is "transport loaded", bringing the razor up to his face, and sixth is "position", getting the razor set on his face. There are eleven other Therbligs—the last one is "think"!
— Frank Gilbreth Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, Cheaper by the Dozen
History
In an article published in 1915, Frank Gilbreth wrote of 16 elements: "The elements of a cycle of decisions and motions, either running partly or wholly concurrently with other elements in the same or other cycles, consist of the following, arranged in varying sequences: 1. Search, 2. Find, 3. Select, 4. Grasp, 5. Position, 6. Assemble, 7. Use, 8. Dissemble, or take apart, 9. Inspect, 10. Transport, loaded, 11. Pre-position for next operation, 12. Release load, 13. Transport, empty, 14. Wait (unavoidable delay), 15. Wait (avoidable delay), 16. Rest (for overcoming fatigue)."