Thirty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India
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Through Constitution of India, Amendment and Judicial review
Introduced on 22 July 1975, the bill received presidential assent in ten days. The Amendment barred judicial review of proclamations of emergency whether made to meet external, internal, or financial threats (Article 360 for the latter). It also barred judicial review of overlapping emergency proclamations, or ordinances promulgated by the President or by governors, and of laws enacted during emergencies that contravened Fundamental Rights.
Ratification
The Act was passed when it was ratified by more than half of the State Legislatures. State Legislatures that ratified the amendment are listed below:
- Andhra Pradesh
- Assam
- Bihar
- Haryana
- Himachal Pradesh
- Karnataka
- Kerala
- Madhya Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Meghalaya
- Orissa
- Punjab
- Rajasthan
- Sikkim
- Tripura
- Uttar Pradesh
- West Bengal
Did not ratify:
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