Tripoint

Usually, the more neighbours a country has, the more international tripoints that country has. China with 16 international tripoints and Russia with 11 to 14 lead the list of states by number of international tripoints. Other countries, like Brazil, India, and Algeria, have several international tripoints. Argentina has four international tripoints. South Africa, Pakistan and Nigeria have three international tripoints, Guatemala has two: one with Mexico and Belize, and one with Honduras and El Salvador; while Bangladesh and Mexico have one. Within Europe, landlocked Austria has nine tripoints, among them two with Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Island countries, such as Japan and Australia, generally have no international tripoints, although some, like Bahrain and Singapore, have tripoints in their territorial waters. Countries with only one neighbouring country, such as Portugal or Lesotho, also have no international tripoints. Landlocked countries also have international tripoints. Likewise, the United States with two neighbouring countries has no international tripoints; however, it has a number of state tripoints as well as one point where four states meet. Indonesia has no international tripoints, just like Australia and Japan. Canada, as well, which has a maritime border with two other countries, has no international tripoints; however, it has five tripoints on land where the boundaries of provinces and territories meet, and one quadripoint where four provinces and territories meet. Japan has multiple prefectural tripoints; it also has prefectural quadripoints. In addition to the United States, Canada and Indonesia, Australia also has tripoints where the boundaries of states meet.

Border junctions (or "multiple points" or "multipoints" as they are also sometimes called) are most commonly threefold. There are also a number of quadripoints, and a handful of fivefold points, as well as unique examples of sixfold, sevenfold, and eightfold points (see quadripoint § Multipoints of greater numerical complexity). The territorial claims of six countries converge at the South Pole in a point of elevenfold complexity, though this is an example of points subject to dispute.

Examples

International tripoints include:

• the Treriksröset of Finland, Norway, and Sweden (the northernmost international tripoint in the world; the exact point is in a lake, but a marker is built on that point)
• the Vaalserberg of the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium
• the "Dreiländereck" of Germany, France, and Switzerland (the exact point is in the river and the marker is not on the exact point)
• the Schengen tripoint of Germany, France, and Luxembourg (where the Schengen Agreement was signed on board a boat, since the tripoint is in the river)
• the summit of Sia Kangri (near Indira Col) is the tripoint where territories administered by India, Pakistan, and China meet
• the Triple Frontier of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay
• the Tres Fronteras of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia
• the Mont Dolent of Italy, France, and Switzerland (the exact point is not at the peak but around 200 metres (700 ft) to the northwest)
• the Trójstyk of Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia
• Mount Roraima, where Venezuela (not recognized by this one), Brazil, and Guyana all meet
• Jongsong Peak, the eastern tripoint of China, India and Nepal
• The Trifinio Fraternidad Transboundary Biosphere Reserve is a natural reserve shared between Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador.

• Bratislava is the only capital city in the world which is located at a tripoint: Slovakia, Hungary, and Austria. The city's administrative area extends to the tripoint, but the point lies outside of urban Bratislava itself.
• Mount Sabyinyo's third and highest peak is the intersection between Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Some historic tripoints:

• the historic Three Emperors' Corner of Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire, and German Empire
• the historic Piz da las Trais Linguas (Ortler Alps) of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Italy, and Switzerland
• the historic Rock of the Three Kingdoms between the former kingdoms of Galicia, León, and Portugal (now part of the border between Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic)
• the Tossal dels Tres Reis ('Peak of the Three Kings'), located where the borders of the ancient Kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia and Principality of Catalonia meet