Voting age

Debate on lowering the voting age

Around 2000, a number of countries began to consider whether the voting age ought to be reduced further, with arguments most often being made in favor of a reduction to 16. In Brazil, the age was lowered to 16 in the 1988 Constitution, while the lower voting age took effect for the first time in the 1989 Presidential Election. The earliest moves in Europe came during the 1990s, when the voting age for municipal elections in some States of Germany was lowered to 16. Lower Saxony was the first state to make such a reduction, in 1995, and four other states did likewise.

In 2007, Austria became the first european country to allow 16- and 17-year-olds to vote in national elections, with the expanded franchise first being consummated in the 2009 European Parliament election. A study of young voters' behavior on that occasion showed them to be as capable as older voters to articulate their beliefs and to make voting decisions appropriate for their preferences. Their knowledge of the political process was only insignificantly lower than in older cohorts, while trust in democracy and willingness to participate in the process were markedly higher. Additionally, there was evidence found for the first time of a voting boost among young people age 16–25 in Austria.

During the 2000s several proposals for a reduced voting age were put forward in U.S. states, including California, Florida and Alaska, but none were successful. In Oregon, Senate Joint Resolution 22 has been introduced to reduce the voting age from 18 to 16. A national reduction was proposed in 2005 in Canada and in the Australian state of New South Wales, but these proposals were not adopted. In May 2009, Danish Member of Parliament Mogens Jensen presented an initiative to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg to lower the voting age in Europe to 16. In 2026 Hungary’s prime minister proposed lowering voting age to 16.

Demands to reduce the voting age to 16 years were again brought forward by activists of the school strike for climate movement in several countries (including Germany and the UK).

Australia

After Premier Don Dunstan introduced the Age of Majority (Reduction) Bill in October 1970, the voting age in South Australia was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1973.

On 21 October 2019, Greens MP Adam Bandt introduced a bill in the House of Representatives to lower the voting age to 16.

A report suggesting that consideration be given to reducing the voting age to 16 in the Australian Capital Territory in Canberra, Australia was tabled in the territorial legislature on 26 September 2007 and defeated.

In 2015, federal Opposition Leader Bill Shorten said that the voting age should be lowered to 16.

Austria

In 2007, Austria became the first member of the European Union to adopt a voting age of 16 for most purposes. The voting age had been reduced in Austria from 19 to 18 at all levels in 1992. At that time a voting age of 16 was proposed by the Green Party, but was not adopted.

The voting age for municipal elections in some states was lowered to 16 shortly after 2000. Three states had made the reduction by 2003 (Burgenland, Carinthia and Styria), and in May 2003 Vienna became the fourth. Salzburg followed suit, and so by the start of 2005 the total had reached at least five states out of nine. As a consequence of state law, reduction of the municipal voting age in the states of Burgenland, Salzburg and Vienna resulted in the reduction of the regional voting age in those states as well.

After the 2006 election, the winning SPÖ-ÖVP coalition announced on 12 January 2007 that one of its policies would be the reduction of the voting age to 16 for elections in all states and at all levels in Austria. The policy was set in motion by a Government announcement on 14 March, and a bill proposing an amendment to the Constitution was presented to the legislature on 2 May. On 5 June the National Council approved the proposal following a recommendation from its Constitution Committee. During the passage of the bill through the chamber relatively little opposition was raised to the reduction, with four out of five parties explicitly supporting it; indeed, there was some dispute over which party had been the first to suggest the idea. Greater controversy surrounded the other provisions of the bill concerning the Briefwahl, or postal vote, and the extension of the legislative period for the National Council from four to five years. A further uncontroversial inclusion was a reduction in the candidacy age from 19 to 18. The Federal Council approved the Bill on 21 June, with no party voting against it. The voting age was reduced when the Bill's provisions came into force on 1 July 2007. Austria thus became the first member of the European Union, and the first of the developed world democracies, to adopt a voting age of 16 for all purposes. Lowering the voting age encouraged political interest in young people in Austria. More sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds voted than eighteen-to-twenty-one-year-olds in Austria.

Brazil

Brazil lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 in the 1988 constitution. The presidential election of 1989 was the first with the lower voting age. People between the ages 18 and 70 are required to vote. The person must be 16 full years old on the eve of the election (In years without election, the person must be 16 full years old on or before 31 December). If they turn 18 years old after the election, the vote is not compulsory. When they turn 18 years old before the election, the vote is compulsory.

Canada

Canada lowered its federal voting age from 21 to 18 in 1970. Most Canadian provinces soon followed suit, though several initially lowered their voting age to 19. It wasn't until 1992 when the last province, British Columbia, lowered its voting age to 18. A further reduction to 16 years was proposed federally in 2005, but was not adopted. It was proposed again in 2011, but was not adopted.

In August 2018, in British Columbia, a group of 20 youth partnered with Dogwood BC to launch a Vote16 campaign. Currently, they have unanimous support from the Union of BC Municipalities, as well as endorsements from the province's Green Party of British Columbia and British Columbia New Democratic Party representatives. The campaign is now waiting for it to be brought up in the legislative assembly by the NDP and for it to pass there.

In 2020, Canadian Senator Marilou McPhedran introduced a bill to lower the federal voting age from 18 to 16. She reintroduced it again in November 2021, (bill S-201), but it died on the floor when Parliament was prorogued in January 2025. In December 2021, a group of young people filed a court challenge to lower the federal voting age from 18, arguing that the voting age is unconstitutional for violating multiple sections of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Several weeks later, Taylor Bachrach of the New Democratic Party (NDP) introduced a private member's bill to lower the voting age to 16. The bill (C-210) was debated in May 2022. The bill was defeated in its second reading with 245 members of parliament voting to oppose the bill and 77 voting to support it.

Internal elections run by Canadian political parties have a lower voting age than that of general elections set by the government, typically allowing party members 14 and up to vote.

Cuba

As stated in the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, the voting age is 16 for men and women.

Germany

As part of their 2021 coalition deal, the SPD, Greens and FDP agreed to lower the voting age for European Elections to 16 within the course of the 20th Bundestag. They successfully did so in time for the 2024 European parliament elections. They also aimed to lower the voting age for elections to the German parliament. However, this would need a change of the constitution, which was blocked by the opposition CDU. Eight of the 16 states have also lowered their voting age for state elections and 11 of the 16 have lowered it for local elections.

Iceland

The first proposal to lower the voting age to 16 years was submitted in parliament in 2007. A bill to lower the voting age for municipal elections reached the final reading in 2018, but was filibustered by opponents until the close of the parliamentary session.

Since 2022, municipalities can lower the voting age to 16 for referendums. As of June 2026, Hornafjörður and Vesturbyggð have done so.

Iran

Iran had been unique in awarding suffrage at 15, but raised the age to 18 in January 2007 despite the opposition of the Government. In May 2007 the Iranian Cabinet proposed a bill to reverse the increase.

Ireland

In 2013, the Constitutional Convention was asked to consider reducing the voting age to 17 and recommended lowering it to 16. The then government agreed to hold a referendum, but in 2015 postponed it indefinitely to give priority to other referendums.

Luxembourg

Currently, Luxembourg has compulsory voting from the age of 18.

Discussion about lowering the voting age to 16 was first introduced as part of a wider June 2015 referendum. The broader principles of the referendum which concerned electoral reform were rejected by 81% of voters.

Discussion, specifically surrounding the lowering of the voting age to 16 received almost universal support in 2025. Politically, only the ADR and CSV oppose the idea.

Malta

On 20 November 2013, Malta lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 for local elections starting from 2015. The proposal had wide support from both the government and opposition, social scientists and youth organizations.

On Monday, 5 March 2018, the Maltese Parliament unanimously voted in favor of amending the constitution, lowering the official voting age from 18 to 16 for general elections, European Parliament Elections and referendums, making Malta the second state in the EU to lower its voting age to 16.

New Zealand

The New Zealand Green Party MP Sue Bradford announced on 21 June 2007 that she intended to introduce her Civics Education and Voting Age Bill on the next occasion upon which a place became available for the consideration of Members' Bills. When this happened on 25 July Bradford abandoned the idea, citing an adverse public reaction. The Bill would have sought to reduce the voting age to 16 in New Zealand and make civics education part of the compulsory curriculum in schools.

On 21 November 2022, the Supreme Court of New Zealand ruled in Make It 16 Incorporated v Attorney-General that the voting age of 18 was "inconsistent with the bill of rights to be free from discrimination on the basis of age". Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern subsequently announced that a bill to lower the voting age to 16 would be debated in parliament, requiring a supermajority to pass. This bill was subsequently withdrawn in January 2024, after the Sixth National Government of New Zealand was elected.

United Kingdom

The Representation of the People Act 1969 lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 for elections to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the first major democratic nation to do so. The 1970 United Kingdom general election is the first in which this Act had effect.

Men in military service who turned 19 during the First World War were entitled to vote in 1918 irrespective of their age as part of the Representation of the People Act 1918 which also allowed some women over the age of 30 to vote. The Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 brought the voting age for women down to 21.

The reduction of the voting age to 16 in the United Kingdom was first given serious consideration in 1999, when the House of Commons considered in Committee an amendment proposed by Simon Hughes to the Representation of the People Bill. This was the first time the reduction of a voting age below 18 had ever been put to a vote in the Commons. The Government opposed the amendment, and it was defeated by 434 votes to 36.

The Votes at 16 coalition, a group of political and charitable organizations supporting a reduction of the voting age to 16, was launched on in 2003. At that time a Private Member's Bill was also proposed in the House of Lords by Lord Lucas.

In 2004, the UK Electoral Commission conducted a major consultation on the subject of the voting age and age of candidacy, and received a significant response. In its conclusions, it recommended that the voting age remain at 18. In 2005, the House of Commons voted 136-128 (on a free vote) against a Private Member's Bill for a reduction in the voting age to 16 proposed by Liberal Democrat MP Stephen Williams. Parliament chose not to include a provision reducing the voting age in the Electoral Administration Act during its passage in 2006.

The report of the Power Inquiry in 2006 called for a reduction of the voting age, and of the candidacy age for the House of Commons, to 16. On the same day the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, indicated in an article in The Guardian that he favored a reduction provided it was made concurrently with effective citizenship education.

The Ministry of Justice published in 2007 a Green Paper entitled The Governance of Britain, in which it proposed the establishment of a "Youth Citizenship Commission". The Commission would examine the case for lowering the voting age. On launching the paper in the House of Commons, Prime Minister Gordon Brown said: "Although the voting age has been 18 since 1969, it is right, as part of that debate, to examine, and hear from young people themselves, whether lowering that age would increase participation."

During the Youth Parliament debates of in 2009 in the House of Commons, Votes at 16 was debated and young people of that age group voted for it overwhelmingly as a campaign priority. In April 2015, Labour announced that it would support the policy if it won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, which it failed to do.

Surrounding Brexit, in June 2016, the government was criticised for not lowering the voting age to 16 for the referendum.

In July 2024 however, Keir Starmer the current leader of the UK Labour Party, became elected as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. As part of the parties 2024 manifesto (in the run up to the general election) Labour maintained this previous position, Keir Starmer himself confirming that he would lower the voting age from 18 to 16 in all elections (if elected). Prior to the 2024 election, the voting age in both Scotland and Wales was and is already set at 16, by the relevant governments of both UK nations (see detail specifics below).

In July 2025, the government announced that the minimum voting age for all elections in the UK would be reduced to 16 by the 2029 general election, branding it a "seismic" change, in addition to adding bank cards as valid voter ID.

Northern Ireland

The voting age for elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland and local elections was reduced from 21 to 18 by the Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1969.

Elections for the Northern Ireland Assembly and local elections are a reserved matter, and as such the voting age for the Northern Ireland Assembly is not within its legislative competences. The Representation of the People Bill would reduce the voting age for the Northern Ireland Assembly and local government from 18 to 16. This policy is opposed by the Democratic Unionst Party. It is supported by the Alliance Party, Sinn Féin, the Ulster Unionist Party, the Social Democratic and Labour Party, and People Before Profit.

Scotland

The Scottish National Party conference voted unanimously on 27 October 2007 for a policy of reducing the voting age to 16 (the age of majority in Scotland), as well as in favour of a campaign for the necessary power to be devolved to the Scottish Parliament.

In September 2011, it was announced that the voting age was likely to be reduced from 18 to 16 for the Scottish independence referendum. This was approved by the Scottish Parliament in June 2013.

In June 2015, the Scottish Parliament voted unanimously to reduce the voting age to 16 for elections for the Scottish Parliament and for Scottish local government elections. The voting age in Scotland remains 18 for UK general elections.

Wales

Major reforms were recommended in 2017 in the 'A Parliament That Works For Wales' report, by the expert panel on Assembly Electoral Reform led by Professor Laura McAllister. It included increasing the size of the Assembly, adapting or changing the electoral system and reducing the age of voting to 16.

The Welsh Assembly's Commission, the corporate body, introduced a bill in 2019 to reduce the voting age to 16 and change the Assembly's name to Senedd. The National Assembly for Wales passed the Senedd and Election (Wales) Act later that year. A vote to remove this enfranchisement was defeated by 41 votes to 11. The first election to include the biggest enfranchisement in Welsh politics since 1969 was the 2021 Senedd election.

The Welsh Government also legislated for the enfranchisement of 16- and 17-year-olds in the Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act, which received royal assent in 2021. The changes – which included lowering the voting age to 16 for local elections in Wales – were in place for local Welsh elections in 2022. The voting age in Wales remains at 18 for UK general elections.

British Overseas Territories

The British Overseas Territories are those parts of the British Realm that lie outside the archipelago of the British Isles. Before 1983, they were termed British colonies, and, from 1983 to 2002, British Dependent Territories).

The voting age in the British Overseas Territories for the United Kingdom Parliamentary elections would be the same as in that part of the realm that lies within the British Isles. However no electoral district has ever been created for any such territory, and British nationals from the territories must first establish residency in an existing electoral district in order to exercise their voting rights in national elections.

Local elected legislatures were established in Virginia in 1619 and Bermuda (originally settled as part of Virginia) in 1620. After the Act of Union 1707, sovereignty remained with the British parliament, which asserted its right to legislate for the colonies, though in practice certain competencies were delegated by the British government to the local governments (varying depending upon the degree of representation in the local government of each colony).

Since the 1960s, most of the remaining colonies have been given elected legislatures similar to Bermuda's (or the Councils that advise the appointed governors, originally made up only of appointees, now include elected members), with the enfranchisement for local elections determined by local legislation (subject, like all local legislation, to the approval of the national government). In Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, the Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena (and presumably Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha), and Turks and Caicos Islands the current voting ages for local elections are all 18. There are no permanent inhabitants, and no local legislatures, in British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Under the agreement with Cyprus by which Britain retained the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, the British government agreed not to set up and administer "colonies" and not to allow new settlement of people in the Sovereign Base Areas other than for temporary purposes. There is no local legislature, and consequently there are no local elections.

Crown Dependencies

As of 2025, the voting age in all British Crown Dependencies is now set at 16.

Moves to lower the voting age to 16 were first successful in the three British Crown dependencies from 2006 to 2008. The Isle of Man was the first to amend previous legislation in 2006, when it reduced the voting age to 16 for its general elections, with the House of Keys approving the move by 19 votes to 4.

Jersey followed suit in 2007, when it approved a reduction of the voting age to 16. The States of Jersey voted narrowly in favour, by 25 votes to 21, and the legislative amendments were adopted. The law was sanctioned by Order in Council, and was brought into force in time for the general elections in late 2008.

In 2007, a proposal for a reduction (in voting age to 16) made by the House Committee of the States of Guernsey, and approved by the States' Policy Committee, was adopted by the assembly by 30 votes to 15. An Order in Council sanctioned the law, and it was registered at the Court of Guernsey. It came into force immediately, and the voting age was accordingly reduced in time for the 2008 Guernsey general election.

In 2022, both Alderney and Sark passed legislation which lowered the voting age to 16 for all elections going forward.

United States

In the United States, the debate about lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 began during World War II and intensified during the Vietnam War, when most of those subjected to the draft were too young to vote, and the image of young men being forced to risk their lives in the military without the privileges of voting successfully pressured legislators to lower the voting age nationally and in many states. By 1968, several states had lowered the voting age below 21 years: In 1959, Alaska entered the Union with a minimum age of 19 and Hawaii with 20. while Georgia and Kentucky's was 18. In 1970, the Supreme Court in Oregon v. Mitchell ruled that Congress had the right to regulate the minimum voting age in federal elections; however, it decided it could not regulate it at local and state level.

The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution (passed and ratified in 1971) prevents states from setting a voting age higher than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that "The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature." and "The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures."

Seventeen states permit 17-year-olds to vote in primary elections and caucuses if they will be 18 by election day: Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Virginia, Vermont, and West Virginia. Iowa, Minnesota, and Nevada allow 17-year-olds to participate in all presidential caucuses, but may not vote in primary elections for other offices. Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Washington, and Wyoming allow 17-year-olds to participate in only Democratic caucuses, but not in the Republican caucus.

All states allow someone not yet 18 to preregister to vote. Fifteen states — California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia, and Washington — and Washington, D.C., allow 16-year-olds to preregister. In Maine, Nevada, New Jersey, and West Virginia, 17-year-olds can preregister. Alaska allows a teen to preregister within 90 days of their 18th birthday. Georgia, Iowa, and Missouri allow 17.5-year-olds to preregister if they turn 18 before the next election. Texas allows someone 17 year and 10 months old to preregister. The remaining states, excepting North Dakota, do not specify an age for preregistration so long as the teen will be 18 by the next election (usually the next general election). North Dakota does not require voter registration.

On 3 April 2019, Andrew Yang became the first major presidential candidate to advocate for the United States to lower its voting age to 16. At 16, Americans do not have hourly limits imposed on their work, and they pay taxes. According to Yang, their livelihoods are directly impacted by legislation, and they should therefore be allowed to vote for their representatives.

In 2018, a bill in the Council of the District of Columbia was proposed to lower the voting age to 16, which would make the federal district the first jurisdiction to lower the voting age for federal level elections. In 2019, Washington D.C., Council Member Charles Allen sponsored a debate on whether or not the city should lower the voting age to 16 for all elections, including the presidential election in the city. Allen gained a magnitude of public support although the measure to lower the age of voting stalled.

Youth voting at the local level

In 2013, the City of Takoma Park, Maryland, became the first place in the United States to lower its voting age to 16 for municipal elections and referendums. As of 2024, Greenbelt, Hyattsville, Riverdale Park, Mount Rainier, Somerset, Cheverly and Chevy Chase had followed suit. Brattleboro, Vermont has implemented a similar measure despite a veto attempt by the governor.

Starting in 2024, 16 and 17-year-olds can vote on School Board races in Berkeley, Oakland and Newark.

In Massachusetts, the state has blocked efforts to lower the voting age for local elections to 16 in Ashfield, Boston, Brookline, Cambridge, Concord, Harwich, Lowell, Northampton, Shelburne, Somerville, and Wendell.

Debate on increasing the voting age

During the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries, Vivek Ramaswamy announced that he favored raising the voting age to 25 in most circumstances. The policy change, which would have to be done through a constitutional amendment, would only allow for citizens between 18 and 24 to vote if they are enlisted in the military, work as first-responder personnel, or pass a civics test.

Venezuela

A request to lower the voting age to 16 was made during consideration of revisions to the Constitution of Venezuela in 2007. Cilia Flores, president of the National Assembly, announced that the Mixed Committee for Constitutional Reform had found the idea acceptable. Following approval in the legislature the amendment formed part of the package of constitutional proposals, and was defeated in the 2007 referendum.

Maximum voting age

There are occasional calls for a maximum voting age, on the grounds that older people have less of a stake in the future of the country or jurisdiction. The only jurisdiction with a maximum voting age is the Vatican City State, whose sovereign, the Pope, is elected by the College of Cardinals. A Cardinal must be below the age of 80 on the date of the previous Pope's death or resignation, in order to vote to elect a new Pope.

List by country

18 is the most common voting age. In some countries and territories 16 or 17 year-olds can vote in at least some elections. Examples of places with full enfranchisement for those aged 16 or 17 include Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua, East Timor, Greece, and Indonesia.

The following is an alphabetical list of voting ages in the various countries and territories of the world.

Chronology of lowering the voting age to 18

The following is a chronological list of the dates upon which countries lowered the voting age to 18; unless otherwise indicated, the reduction was from 21. In some cases the age was lowered decrementally, and so the "staging points" are also given. Some information is also included on the relevant legal instruments involved.

• 1863: Argentina (Previously 21 per the Law 140 of 1857, reduced to 18 with the Law 75/1863)
• 1924: Turkey (Previously 25 per the 1876 constitution, reduced to 18 with the 1924 constitution. It was again raised to 22 on 5 December 1934 while granting full women's suffrage, and gradually lowered to 21 in 1961, 20 in 1987 and 18 again in 1995)
• 1946: Czechoslovakia
• 1949: Israel (under Mandatory Palestine, the Yishuv's voting age was 21 for Assembly of Representatives elections)
• 1952: Poland
• 1958: South Africa (white voters only; Electoral Law Amendment Act, 1958)
• 1969
  • United Kingdom
    • Representation of the People Act 1969 in relation to local elections in Great Britain and elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom
    • Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 in relation to local elections in Northern Ireland and elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland
• 1970
  • Canada (June 26) for federal elections, via amendment to Canada Elections Act.
  • West Germany
• 1971
  • Netherlands (previous reduction from 23 to 21 in 1965)
  • United States (1 July), per the Twenty-sixth Amendment. Previously reduced on 1 January 1971 by the Voting Rights Act Amendments 1970, ss. 302, 305 (Prior reductions: Georgia in August 1943, Kentucky in 1955, Guam in 1954 and American Samoa in 1965.)
• 1972: Finland (from 20; previous reductions were 24 to 21 in 1944 and 21 to 20 in 1968/1969)
• 1973
  • Ireland (5 January) via 4th Amendment of the Constitution. Women under 30 gained the vote in local elections in 1935 and in Dáil elections and referendums in 1922 (Constitution of the Irish Free State). The only popular election (in 1925) to the Free State Seanad had a voting age of 30.
  • Philippines (17 January): after the 1973 constitution was announced to have been approved in a plebiscite. Among other things, the new constitution lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
  • Australia (New South Wales was the first state to do so, in 1970)
• 1974
  • France (July 5) (Act No. 74-631)
  • New Zealand: (November) (from 20; previous reduction from 21 to 20 in 1969)
  • Australia
  • Dominica
• 1975
  • Sweden (Increased from 21 to 24 in 1911, then lowered to 23 in 1921, 21 in 1945, 20 in 1965, 19 in 1968 and finally to 18 in 1975)
  • Italy (lowered from 21; this reduction did not apply to Senate elections)
• 1976: Trinidad and Tobago
• 1978
  • Denmark (19 September) (from 20; 53.8% in referendum; previous reductions were 25 to 23 in 1953, 23 to 21 in 1961 and 21 to 20 in 1971)
  • Spain (29 December) (1978 Constitution)
• 1979: Peru
• 1981: Belgium
• 1984: Iceland (from 20; L. 66/1984)
• 1989: India (28 March) (61st Constitution Amendment Act, 1988 read with Act 21 of 1989)
• 1991: Switzerland (from 20; referendum held on 3 March)
• 1992
  • Austria (from 19; previous reductions were 21 to 20 in 1949 and 20 to 19 in 1970)
  • Estonia: (29 July) (from 22, according to the 1938 Constitution; was 18 during the Soviet Occupation since 1940 and 16 for the Congress of Estonia in 1990)
• 1995: Hong Kong (from 21)
• 2000: Liechtenstein (from 20; LGBl. 2000 No. 55)
• 2001: Jordan (July) (from 19; Provisional Election Law No. 34/2001)
• 2002
  • Pakistan (21 August) (Legal Framework Order, 2002), was 18 under 1973 Constitution, then increased to 21, then lowered back to 18.
  • Morocco (11 December) (from 20)
• 2012: Uzbekistan (July) (from 25)
• 2015: Saudi Arabia (July) (from 21)
• 2016: Japan (from 20)
• 2019
  • Malaysia (16 July) (from 21)
  • South Korea (27 December) (from 19)
• 2021:
  • Italy (4 November); lowered from 25 for Senate elections (Constitutional Law No. 1 of 2021)

Chronology of lowering the voting age to 16

This is a further list, similar to the above but of the dates upon which countries or territories lowered the voting age to 16; unless otherwise indicated, the reduction was from 18.

1980s

• Nicaragua: November 1984 (from 21)
• Brazil: 1988, first allowed in the 1989 presidential election (Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988)

1990s

• Estonia: 24 February 1990 (from 22 according to the 1938 Constitution, from 18 during the Soviet occupation); only for the Congress of Estonia, was raised to 18 according to the 1992 Constitution

2000s

• Isle of Man: 11 July 2006; legislation brought into force in time for general election held on 23 November 2006
• Austria: 1 July 2007 (BGBl. No. 1/1930, as amended)
• Guernsey: 19 December 2007 (Reform (Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2007)
• Jersey: 1 April 2008 (Public Elections (Amendment No. 2) (Jersey) Law 2008)
• Ecuador: 28 September 2008 (New constitution accepted by referendum) for general election on 26 March 2009.

2010s

• Argentina: 1 November 2012. Voting for teenagers between 16 and 18 years of age became optional.
• Malta: 20 November 2013. Motion passed in parliament to lower the voting age to 16 at local council elections starting from 2015.
• Scotland: 18 September 2014. 16- and 17-year-olds were given the vote for the independence referendum. This was subsequently extended permanently through subsequent legislation ahead of the 2016 Parliament election.
• Estonia: 6 May 2015, in local elections only.

2020s

• Wales: 6 May 2021, for the elections to the Senedd (formerly the National Assembly for Wales). The Welsh Government has also legislated the enfranchisement of 16 and 17-year-olds in local government elections by May 2022 for the local Welsh elections.
• Alderney: 22 September 2022.
• Sark: 2022.

Organizations for voting age reform

The following are political parties and other campaigning organizations that have either endorsed a lower voting age or who favor its removal entirely.

Active

Albania

• Nisma Thurje

Australia

• Australian Democrats
• Australian Greens
• Fusion Party
• Socialist Alliance
• Victorian Socialists

Bangladesh

• National Citizen Party

Belgium

• Anders
• Christian Democratic and Flemish
• Ecolo
• Groen
• Jeunes MR
• Vooruit
• Workers' Party

Canada

• Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children
• Communist Party
• Green Party
• Green Party of British Columbia
• Green Party of Manitoba
• Green Party of Nova Scotia
• Green Party of Ontario
• Green Party of Quebec
• New Democratic Party
• Ontario Liberal Party
• Parti Québécois
• Québec solidaire

Chile

• Communist Party

Colombia

• Alternative Indigenous and Social Movement
• Green Alliance

Croatia

• GONG
• Independent Youth List

Czech Republic

• Green Party
• Mayors and Independents
• Pirate Party

Denmark

• Dansk Ungdoms Fællesråd
• Green Left
• Red–Green Alliance
• Social Democrats

Estonia

• Centre Party
• Estonia 200
• Estonian National Youth Council
• Reform Party
• Social Democratic Party

Finland

• Finnish National Youth Council and Youth Sector
• Left Alliance

France

• For a Popular and Social Ecology
• La France Insoumise
• Révolution Permanente
• Socialist Party
• UNICEF France

Germany

• Alliance 90/The Greens
• Foundation for the Rights of Future Generations
• Krätzä (demanding abolition of any age-based voting restrictions)
• The Left
• Marxist–Leninist Party
• Social Democratic Party

Iceland

• Left-Green Movement
• National Youth Council of Iceland
• Pirate Party
• Social Democratic Alliance

Ireland

• Green Party
• Labour Party
• National Youth Council of Ireland
• Ógra Fianna Fáil
• Sinn Féin
• Solidarity

Italy

• Democratic Party
• Five Star Movement
• Lega Nord

Latvia

• For Latvia's Development

Liechtenstein

• Free List

Lithuania

• Social Democratic Party

Luxembourg

• Democratic and Liberal Youth
• The Greens
• The Left
• Socialist Workers' Party

Mauritius

• Mauritian Militant Movement

Mexico

• Citizens' Movement

Morocco

• Front of Democratic Forces

Namibia

• SWAPO Party Youth League

Netherlands

• BIJ1
• Democrats 66
• LEF – For the New Generation
• Party for the Animals
• Pirate Party
• Volt Netherlands

New Zealand

• Green Party
• Make It 16
• The Opportunities Party

Norway

• Green Party
• Labour Party
• Liberal Party
• Norwegian Children and Youth Council
• Red Party
• Socialist Left Party

Poland

• The Left
• Poland 2050

Portugal

• Left Bloc
• Liberal Initiative
• LIVRE
• People Animals Nature
• Social Democratic Party

Romania

• National Liberal Party
• National Union for the Progress of Romania

San Marino

• RETE Movement

Singapore

• Workers' Party

Slovakia

• Christian Union
• For the People

Slovenia

• Dijaška organizacija Slovenije

South Africa

• Economic Freedom Fighters

South Korea

• Korean Teachers and Education Workers Union

Spain

• Ernai
• Podemos
• Republican Left of Catalonia
• Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
• United Left

Sweden

• Feminist Initiative
• Green Party
• Left Party
• Youth 2030 Movement

Switzerland

• Green Liberal Party
• Green Party
• Social Democratic Party
• Solidarity

Taiwan

• Taiwan Alliance for Advancement of Youth Rights and Welfare

Turkey

• Communist Party

Ukraine

• Justice
• Servant of the People

United Kingdom

• Green Party of England and Wales
• Green Party Northern Ireland
• Labour Party
• Liberal Democrats
• Liberal Party
• National Health Action Party
• Plaid Cymru
• Scottish Conservatives
• Scottish Greens
• Scottish National Party
• Scottish Socialist Party
• Social Democratic and Labour Party
• Ulster Unionist Party
• Votes at 16

United States

• Common Cause
• FairVote
• Green Party
• National Youth Rights Association
• Peace and Freedom Party
• Vermont Libertarian Party

Uruguay

• National Party

Historical

These organizations are either defunct, no longer support a voting age reduction, or are based in countries where the voting age has since been reduced to the organization's desired level.

Austria

• The Greens – The Green Alternative
• Liberal Forum
• Social Democratic Party

Colombia

• Commons
• Humane Colombia

Malaysia

• UNDI18

Netherlands

• GroenLinks
• Labour Party

Turkey

• People's Democratic Party

United States

• Socialist Party USA (voting age mentioned in 2019–2021 platform, removed from 2023–2025)