Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration

Also called

respiration · aerobic respiration · anaerobic respiration · glycolysis · pyruvate · mitochondria · ATP · energy currency · fermentation in yeast · ethanol and carbon dioxide · lactic acid in muscles · muscle cramps · breakdown of glucose · cellular respiration · श्वसन · वायवीय श्वसन · अवायवीय श्वसन

Topics

• In every cell, glucose (6 carbons) is first broken in the cytoplasm into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons each).
• With oxygen, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is broken down completely into carbon dioxide and water.
• Aerobic respiration releases far more energy: about 38 ATP from one glucose, against 2 ATP without oxygen.
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell; its energy drives muscle contraction, protein building and nerve impulses.
• In yeast, without oxygen, pyruvate becomes ethanol and carbon dioxide: this fermentation makes bread rise and brews.
• In our muscles short of oxygen, as in a sprint, pyruvate becomes lactic acid, and its build-up causes cramps.
• Anaerobic steps happen in the cytoplasm; the aerobic steps run inside the mitochondria, on their folded cristae.
• Both kinds of breakdown start the same way; only the fate of pyruvate differs, depending on whether oxygen is present.

About this model

A GLB file of about 356 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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