Alkanes Grow and Isomers

Also called

alkanes · homologous series · methane · ethane · propane · butane · pentane · hexane · isomers · structural isomers · isobutane · 2-methylpropane · neopentane · cyclohexane · saturated hydrocarbons · CnH2n+2 · boiling point of alkanes · ऐल्केन · समावयवी · समजातीय श्रेणी

Topics

• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds and the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
• Methane CH₄, ethane C₂H₆, propane C₃H₈, butane C₄H₁₀ form a homologous series: each member differs by one CH₂ unit.
• Members of a homologous series share chemical properties, and their physical properties change gradually.
• Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures: butane and 2-methylpropane are both C₄H₁₀.
• Pentane, C₅H₁₂, has three isomers: a straight chain, 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane.
• Carbon atoms can also join into rings: cyclohexane, C₆H₁₂, is a ring of six carbons each carrying two hydrogens.
• Boiling points rise along the series: methane −162 °C, propane −42 °C, butane −0.5 °C, pentane 36 °C, hexane 69 °C.
• The first four alkanes are gases at room temperature; from pentane onwards they are liquids.

About this model

A GLB file of about 236 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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